Testicular cancer differential diagnosis: Difference between revisions
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! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Imaging | ! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Imaging | ||
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| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" rowspan=" | | style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" rowspan="6" |Germ Cell | ||
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Seminoma<ref name="pmid26742998">{{cite journal| author=Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A| title=Cancer statistics, 2016. | journal=CA Cancer J Clin | year= 2016 | volume= 66 | issue= 1 | pages= 7-30 | pmid=26742998 | doi=10.3322/caac.21332 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26742998 }}</ref><ref name="pmid9930796">{{cite journal| author=Miller FH, Whitney WS, Fitzgerald SW, Miller EI| title=Seminomas complicating undescended intraabdominal testes in patients with prior negative findings from surgical exploration. | journal=AJR Am J Roentgenol | year= 1999 | volume= 172 | issue= 2 | pages= 425-8 | pmid=9930796 | doi=10.2214/ajr.172.2.9930796 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9930796 }}</ref> | | style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Seminoma<ref name="pmid26742998">{{cite journal| author=Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A| title=Cancer statistics, 2016. | journal=CA Cancer J Clin | year= 2016 | volume= 66 | issue= 1 | pages= 7-30 | pmid=26742998 | doi=10.3322/caac.21332 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26742998 }}</ref><ref name="pmid9930796">{{cite journal| author=Miller FH, Whitney WS, Fitzgerald SW, Miller EI| title=Seminomas complicating undescended intraabdominal testes in patients with prior negative findings from surgical exploration. | journal=AJR Am J Roentgenol | year= 1999 | volume= 172 | issue= 2 | pages= 425-8 | pmid=9930796 | doi=10.2214/ajr.172.2.9930796 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9930796 }}</ref> | ||
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* Hemorrhage and necrosis | * Hemorrhage and necrosis | ||
* May appear more cystic inhomogeneous, and calcified | * May appear more cystic inhomogeneous, and calcified | ||
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|Mixed germ cell tumors<ref name="pmid6093440">{{cite journal| author=Krag Jacobsen G, Barlebo H, Olsen J, Schultz HP, Starklint H, Søgaard H et al.| title=Testicular germ cell tumours in Denmark 1976-1980. Pathology of 1058 consecutive cases. | journal=Acta Radiol Oncol | year= 1984 | volume= 23 | issue= 4 | pages= 239-47 | pmid=6093440 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=6093440 }}</ref> | |||
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* Malignant | |||
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* Unilateral | |||
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* Two or more germ cell tumors present as a single mass | |||
* Depends on underlying components | |||
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* Average age about 30 years old | |||
* Rare in prepubertal age | |||
* Include one-third of all testicular gem cell tumors | |||
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* Metastasis depends on tumors types | |||
* Metastasis to lung, liver, brain, skin | |||
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* May stain positive based on underlying components | |||
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* Variable components depends on tumor | |||
* Accompanied with necrosis and hemorrhages | |||
|± | |||
| + | |||
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* Physical exam findings based on underlying components | |||
|Elevations in: | |||
* AFP | |||
* Beta-hCG | |||
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* Imaging findings based on underlying components | |||
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! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" colspan="2" |Diseases | ! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" colspan="2" |Diseases |
Revision as of 17:05, 24 January 2019
Testicular cancer Microchapters |
Diagnosis |
---|
Treatment |
Case Studies |
Testicular cancer differential diagnosis On the Web |
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Testicular cancer differential diagnosis |
Risk calculators and risk factors for Testicular cancer differential diagnosis |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Shanshan Cen, M.D. [2]
Overview
Testicular cancer must be differentiated from epididymitis, hematocele, hydrocele, spermatocele, granulomatous orchitis, and varicocele.
Differentiating Testicular cancer from other Diseases
Testicular cancer must be differentiated from:
Diseases | Benign/ Malignant | Unilateral/Bilateral | History | Demography | Metastasis | Genetics | Histopathology | Clinical manifestations | Para-clinical findings | ||||
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Pain | Mass | Physical examination | |||||||||||
Lab findings | Imaging | ||||||||||||
Germ Cell | Seminoma[1][2] |
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Stains positively for:
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Ultrasound:
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Embryonal carcinoma[3] |
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Early metastasis to:
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Stains positively for:
May stain positively for :
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+ | ± |
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Ultrasound:
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Yolk sac tumor[4][5] |
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Stains positively for:
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+ | + |
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Ultrasound:
MRI:
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Teratoma[6][7] |
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History of congenital disease such as:
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Stains positively for:
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Ultrasound:
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Choriocarcinoma[8][9] |
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Early metastasis:
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Stains positively for:
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+ | ± |
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Ultrasound:
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Mixed germ cell tumors[10] |
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± | + |
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Elevations in:
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Diseases | Benign/ Malignant | Unilateral/Bilateral | History | Demography | Metastasis | Genetics | Histopathology | Pain | Mass | Physical exam | Lab Findings | Imaging | |
Non germ cell | Leydig cell tumor | ||||||||||||
Sertoli cell tumor | |||||||||||||
Testicular lymphoma | |||||||||||||
Carcinoma in situ of the testicle |
References
- ↑ Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A (2016). "Cancer statistics, 2016". CA Cancer J Clin. 66 (1): 7–30. doi:10.3322/caac.21332. PMID 26742998.
- ↑ Miller FH, Whitney WS, Fitzgerald SW, Miller EI (1999). "Seminomas complicating undescended intraabdominal testes in patients with prior negative findings from surgical exploration". AJR Am J Roentgenol. 172 (2): 425–8. doi:10.2214/ajr.172.2.9930796. PMID 9930796.
- ↑ Ishida M, Hasegawa M, Kanao K, Oyama M, Nakajima Y (2009). "Non-palpable testicular embryonal carcinoma diagnosed by ultrasound: a case report". Jpn J Clin Oncol. 39 (2): 124–6. doi:10.1093/jjco/hyn141. PMID 19066212.
- ↑ Howitt BE, Berney DM (2015). "Tumors of the Testis: Morphologic Features and Molecular Alterations". Surg Pathol Clin. 8 (4): 687–716. doi:10.1016/j.path.2015.07.007. PMID 26612222.
- ↑ Magers MJ, Kao CS, Cole CD, Rice KR, Foster RS, Einhorn LH; et al. (2014). ""Somatic-type" malignancies arising from testicular germ cell tumors: a clinicopathologic study of 124 cases with emphasis on glandular tumors supporting frequent yolk sac tumor origin". Am J Surg Pathol. 38 (10): 1396–409. doi:10.1097/PAS.0000000000000262. PMID 24921638.
- ↑ Simmonds PD, Lee AH, Theaker JM, Tung K, Smart CJ, Mead GM (1996). "Primary pure teratoma of the testis". J Urol. 155 (3): 939–42. PMID 8583612.
- ↑ Brosman SA (1979). "Testicular tumors in prepubertal children". Urology. 13 (6): 581–8. PMID 377749.
- ↑ Puri S, Sood S, Mohindroo S, Kaushal V (2015). "Cytomorphology of lung metastasis of pure choriocarcinoma of testis in a 58-year-old male". J Cancer Res Ther. 11 (4): 1035. doi:10.4103/0973-1482.154010. PMID 26881635.
- ↑ Wood HM, Elder JS (2009). "Cryptorchidism and testicular cancer: separating fact from fiction". J Urol. 181 (2): 452–61. doi:10.1016/j.juro.2008.10.074. PMID 19084853.
- ↑ Krag Jacobsen G, Barlebo H, Olsen J, Schultz HP, Starklint H, Søgaard H; et al. (1984). "Testicular germ cell tumours in Denmark 1976-1980. Pathology of 1058 consecutive cases". Acta Radiol Oncol. 23 (4): 239–47. PMID 6093440.