Testicular cancer differential diagnosis: Difference between revisions
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! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Imaging | ! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Imaging | ||
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| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" rowspan=" | | style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" rowspan="4" |Non germ cell | ||
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Leydig cell tumor<ref name="pmid9808128">{{cite journal| author=Cheville JC, Sebo TJ, Lager DJ, Bostwick DG, Farrow GM| title=Leydig cell tumor of the testis: a clinicopathologic, DNA content, and MIB-1 comparison of nonmetastasizing and metastasizing tumors. | journal=Am J Surg Pathol | year= 1998 | volume= 22 | issue= 11 | pages= 1361-7 | pmid=9808128 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9808128 }}</ref> | | style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Leydig cell tumor<ref name="pmid9808128">{{cite journal| author=Cheville JC, Sebo TJ, Lager DJ, Bostwick DG, Farrow GM| title=Leydig cell tumor of the testis: a clinicopathologic, DNA content, and MIB-1 comparison of nonmetastasizing and metastasizing tumors. | journal=Am J Surg Pathol | year= 1998 | volume= 22 | issue= 11 | pages= 1361-7 | pmid=9808128 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9808128 }}</ref> | ||
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* Unilateral | * Unilateral | ||
* Bilateral ( mostly | * Bilateral ( mostly up to 35% of cases) | ||
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* Aggressive extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma | * Aggressive extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma | ||
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* Hypervascularity | * Hypervascularity | ||
* Hypoechoic and solid lesion | * Hypoechoic and solid lesion | ||
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|Granulosa cell tumors | |||
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* Malignant | |||
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* Unilateral | |||
|Juvenile type associated with: | |||
* Sex chromosome abnormalities | |||
* Ambiguous genitalia | |||
* Cryptorchidism | |||
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* Similar to ovarian counterparts | |||
* Occur in both adult and juvenile | |||
* Juvenile type in children less than 2 years old ( the most common infancy tumor) | |||
* Adult type with average age of 44 years old ( rare) | |||
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Revision as of 17:00, 25 January 2019
Testicular cancer Microchapters |
Diagnosis |
---|
Treatment |
Case Studies |
Testicular cancer differential diagnosis On the Web |
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Testicular cancer differential diagnosis |
Risk calculators and risk factors for Testicular cancer differential diagnosis |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Shanshan Cen, M.D. [2]
Overview
Testicular cancer must be differentiated from epididymitis, hematocele, hydrocele, spermatocele, granulomatous orchitis, and varicocele.
Differentiating Testicular cancer from other Diseases
Testicular cancer must be differentiated from:
Diseases | Benign/ Malignant | Unilateral/Bilateral | History | Demography | Metastasis | Genetics | Histopathology | Clinical manifestations | Para-clinical findings | ||||
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Pain | Mass | Physical examination | |||||||||||
Lab findings | Imaging | ||||||||||||
Germ Cell | Seminoma[1][2] |
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Stains positively for:
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- | + |
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Ultrasound:
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Embryonal carcinoma[3] |
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Early metastasis to:
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Stains positively for:
May stain positively for :
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+ | ± |
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Ultrasound:
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Yolk sac tumor[4][5] |
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Stains positively for:
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+ | + |
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Ultrasound:
MRI:
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Teratoma[6][7] |
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History of congenital disease such as:
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Stains positively for:
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- | + |
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Ultrasound:
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Choriocarcinoma[8][9] |
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Early metastasis:
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Stains positively for:
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+ | ± |
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Ultrasound:
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Mixed germ cell tumors[10][11] |
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± | + |
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Elevations in:
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Carcinoma in situ (intratubular germ cell neoplasia )[12][13][14] |
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Common:
Lymph nodes Any other organs |
Stain positively for:
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- | - |
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Stain positively for:
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| |
Diseases | Benign/ Malignant | Unilateral/Bilateral | History | Demography | Metastasis | Genetics | Histopathology | Pain | Mass | Physical exam | Lab Findings | Imaging | |
Non germ cell | Leydig cell tumor[15] |
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Stains positively for:
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- | + |
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Ultrasound:
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Sertoli cell tumor[16][17][18] |
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Stain positively for:
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- | + |
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Ultrasound:
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Testicular lymphoma[19][20][21] |
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Common metastasis to :
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Stains positively for:
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- | + |
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Ultrasound:
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Granulosa cell tumors |
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Juvenile type associated with:
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References
- ↑ Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A (2016). "Cancer statistics, 2016". CA Cancer J Clin. 66 (1): 7–30. doi:10.3322/caac.21332. PMID 26742998.
- ↑ Miller FH, Whitney WS, Fitzgerald SW, Miller EI (1999). "Seminomas complicating undescended intraabdominal testes in patients with prior negative findings from surgical exploration". AJR Am J Roentgenol. 172 (2): 425–8. doi:10.2214/ajr.172.2.9930796. PMID 9930796.
- ↑ Ishida M, Hasegawa M, Kanao K, Oyama M, Nakajima Y (2009). "Non-palpable testicular embryonal carcinoma diagnosed by ultrasound: a case report". Jpn J Clin Oncol. 39 (2): 124–6. doi:10.1093/jjco/hyn141. PMID 19066212.
- ↑ Howitt BE, Berney DM (2015). "Tumors of the Testis: Morphologic Features and Molecular Alterations". Surg Pathol Clin. 8 (4): 687–716. doi:10.1016/j.path.2015.07.007. PMID 26612222.
- ↑ Magers MJ, Kao CS, Cole CD, Rice KR, Foster RS, Einhorn LH; et al. (2014). ""Somatic-type" malignancies arising from testicular germ cell tumors: a clinicopathologic study of 124 cases with emphasis on glandular tumors supporting frequent yolk sac tumor origin". Am J Surg Pathol. 38 (10): 1396–409. doi:10.1097/PAS.0000000000000262. PMID 24921638.
- ↑ Simmonds PD, Lee AH, Theaker JM, Tung K, Smart CJ, Mead GM (1996). "Primary pure teratoma of the testis". J Urol. 155 (3): 939–42. PMID 8583612.
- ↑ Brosman SA (1979). "Testicular tumors in prepubertal children". Urology. 13 (6): 581–8. PMID 377749.
- ↑ Puri S, Sood S, Mohindroo S, Kaushal V (2015). "Cytomorphology of lung metastasis of pure choriocarcinoma of testis in a 58-year-old male". J Cancer Res Ther. 11 (4): 1035. doi:10.4103/0973-1482.154010. PMID 26881635.
- ↑ Wood HM, Elder JS (2009). "Cryptorchidism and testicular cancer: separating fact from fiction". J Urol. 181 (2): 452–61. doi:10.1016/j.juro.2008.10.074. PMID 19084853.
- ↑ Chuang KL, Liaw CC, Ueng SH, Liao SK, Pang ST, Chang YH; et al. (2010). "Mixed germ cell tumor metastatic to the skin: case report and literature review". World J Surg Oncol. 8: 21. doi:10.1186/1477-7819-8-21. PMC 2851696. PMID 20331874.
- ↑ Krag Jacobsen G, Barlebo H, Olsen J, Schultz HP, Starklint H, Søgaard H; et al. (1984). "Testicular germ cell tumours in Denmark 1976-1980. Pathology of 1058 consecutive cases". Acta Radiol Oncol. 23 (4): 239–47. PMID 6093440.
- ↑ Rajpert-De Meyts E, Skakkebaek NE (1994). "Expression of the c-kit protein product in carcinoma-in-situ and invasive testicular germ cell tumours". Int J Androl. 17 (2): 85–92. PMID 7517917.
- ↑ Jacobsen GK, Nørgaard-Pedersen B (1984). "Placental alkaline phosphatase in testicular germ cell tumours and in carcinoma-in-situ of the testis. An immunohistochemical study". Acta Pathol Microbiol Immunol Scand A. 92 (5): 323–9. PMID 6209917.
- ↑ Jacobsen GK, Henriksen OB, von der Maase H (1981). "Carcinoma in situ of testicular tissue adjacent to malignant germ-cell tumors: a study of 105 cases". Cancer. 47 (11): 2660–2. PMID 7260858.
- ↑ Cheville JC, Sebo TJ, Lager DJ, Bostwick DG, Farrow GM (1998). "Leydig cell tumor of the testis: a clinicopathologic, DNA content, and MIB-1 comparison of nonmetastasizing and metastasizing tumors". Am J Surg Pathol. 22 (11): 1361–7. PMID 9808128.
- ↑ Banerji JS, Odem-Davis K, Wolff EM, Nichols CR, Porter CR (2016). "Patterns of Care and Survival Outcomes for Malignant Sex Cord Stromal Testicular Cancer: Results from the National Cancer Data Base". J Urol. 196 (4): 1117–22. doi:10.1016/j.juro.2016.03.143. PMID 27036305.
- ↑ Young RH (2005). "Sex cord-stromal tumors of the ovary and testis: their similarities and differences with consideration of selected problems". Mod Pathol. 18 Suppl 2: S81–98. doi:10.1038/modpathol.3800311. PMID 15502809.
- ↑ Gabrilove JL, Freiberg EK, Leiter E, Nicolis GL (1980). "Feminizing and non-feminizing Sertoli cell tumors". J Urol. 124 (6): 757–67. PMID 7003168.
- ↑ Shahab N, Doll DC (1999). "Testicular lymphoma". Semin Oncol. 26 (3): 259–69. PMID 10375083.
- ↑ Kim J, Abu-Yousef M (2013). "Testicular lymphoma". Ultrasound Q. 29 (3): 247–8. doi:10.1097/RUQ.0b013e3182a0ac0e. PMID 23945480.
- ↑ Vega F, Medeiros LJ, Abruzzo LV (2001). "Primary paratesticular lymphoma: a report of 2 cases and review of literature". Arch Pathol Lab Med. 125 (3): 428–32. doi:10.1043/0003-9985(2001)125<0428:PPL>2.0.CO;2. PMID 11231498.