Cervical cancer pathophysiology: Difference between revisions
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== Genetic: == | == Genetic: == | ||
* L-1β, encoded by the ''IL''-''1B'' gene, is | * L-1β, encoded by the ''IL''-''1B'' gene, is an inflammatory cytokine and part of the innate immune system.<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1016/S1674-8301(11)60020-1.}}</ref> | ||
* TNF-α, encoded by the ''TNFA'' gene, is another potent pro-inflammatory cytokine that has been implicated in the control of HPV infection. | * TNF-α, encoded by the ''TNFA'' gene, is another potent pro-inflammatory cytokine that has been implicated in the control of HPV infection. | ||
* Polymorphisms within ''HLA | * Polymorphisms within ''HLA plays a role in pathogenesis of cervical neoplasia.'' | ||
* Interleukin-12 A and B gene (''IL12A'' and '''''IL12B''''') | * Interleukin-12 A and B gene (''IL12A'' and '''''IL12B''''') | ||
* IFN-γ, encoded by the ''IFNG'' gene | * IFN-γ, encoded by the ''IFNG'' gene has defensive role against viruses and induces immune mediated inflammatory responses | ||
* Interleukin-10 | * Interleukin-10 and the risk and the progression of cervical cancer have been associated with increased IL-10 serum levels | ||
* Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 | * Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 | ||
* HPV E6/E7 | * HPV E6/E7 oncogenes, proteins that interfere with cell cycle growth and tumor supressor genes. | ||
* Primary microRNA-218 (''pri''-''miR''-''218'') and laminin-5 β3 (''LAMB3'') | * Primary microRNA-218 (''pri''-''miR''-''218'') and laminin-5 β3 (''LAMB3'') | ||
Revision as of 14:15, 12 February 2019
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Cervical cancer pathophysiology |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]}Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Nima Nasiri, M.D.[2]Monalisa Dmello, M.B,B.S., M.D. [3] Aida Javanbakht, M.D.
Overview
It is established that human papillomavirus (HPV) is central to the development of cervical neoplasia, only high risk strain of HPV can cause cervical cancer among women whom are affected. This is mainly because of HPV produced proteins E7 which alters epithelium of cervix mainly at junctional zone.
Pathophysiology
Pathogenesis:
There are many cofactors that cause progression of cervical neoplasia, some of these include:[1]
- Infection with high risk HPV
- HLA type
- Immunosuppression
- Sex steroid hormons
- Smoking
Infection with Human papilloma virus is the main cause of cervical cancer, only certain strain of high risk HPV can cause cervical cancer. [2]
- Human papillomaviruses, a sexually transmitted virus, subtypes 16 and 18 (High risk) play an important role in the pathogenesis of cervical cancer. Once HPV enters an epithelial cell, begins to make the proteins.
- HPV has two major viral oncogenes, E6 proteins bind p53 and causes its degradation, E7 proteins bind and inactivate the Rb protein.
Genetic:
- L-1β, encoded by the IL-1B gene, is an inflammatory cytokine and part of the innate immune system.[3]
- TNF-α, encoded by the TNFA gene, is another potent pro-inflammatory cytokine that has been implicated in the control of HPV infection.
- Polymorphisms within HLA plays a role in pathogenesis of cervical neoplasia.
- Interleukin-12 A and B gene (IL12A and IL12B)
- IFN-γ, encoded by the IFNG gene has defensive role against viruses and induces immune mediated inflammatory responses
- Interleukin-10 and the risk and the progression of cervical cancer have been associated with increased IL-10 serum levels
- Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4
- HPV E6/E7 oncogenes, proteins that interfere with cell cycle growth and tumor supressor genes.
- Primary microRNA-218 (pri-miR-218) and laminin-5 β3 (LAMB3)
Associated Conditions:
Gross Pathology:
Microscopic pathology
- Prominent nucleoli.
- Blurred or scalloped epithelial-stromal interface.
- Loss of nuclear polarity.
- Pseudoglandular pattern because of acantholysis and central necrosis.
-
Uterus: Cervical Carcinoma: Gross, an excellent example of tumor (labeled as invasive)
Image courtesy of Professor Peter Anderson DVM PhD and published with permission © PEIR, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Pathology -
Histopathologic image (H&E stain) of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.
_CIN3.jpg)
Video
{{#ev:youtube|J3kULzKGzws}}
References
- ↑ Arends MJ, Buckley CH, Wells M (February 1998). "Aetiology, pathogenesis, and pathology of cervical neoplasia". J. Clin. Pathol. 51 (2): 96–103. PMID 9602680.
- ↑ Burd EM (January 2003). "Human papillomavirus and cervical cancer". Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 16 (1): 1–17. PMC 145302. PMID 12525422.
- ↑ . doi:10.1016/S1674-8301(11)60020-1. Check
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