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* INSS '''stage 4''' neuroblastoma is associated with a 3 year survival rate of 60-75% among patients '''younger''' than 1 year of age.
* INSS '''stage 4''' neuroblastoma is associated with a 3 year survival rate of 60-75% among patients '''younger''' than 1 year of age.
* INSS '''stage 4''' neuroblastoma is associated with a 3 year survival rate of 15% among patients '''older''' than 1 year of age.
* INSS '''stage 4''' neuroblastoma is associated with a 3 year survival rate of 15% among patients '''older''' than 1 year of age.
* The table below lists the prognostic factors for neuroblastoma patients:<ref name="radio">Neuroblastoma. Radiopaedia(2015) http://radiopaedia.org/articles/neuroblastoma Accessed on October, 5 2015</ref><ref name="wiki">Neuroblastoma. Wikipedia(2015) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroblastoma Accessed on October, 5 2015</ref><ref name="gov"> Neuroblastoma Treatment for health professionals. National Cancer Institute (2015) http://www.cancer.gov/types/neuroblastoma/hp/neuroblastoma-treatment-pdq#link/_534_toc Accessed on October, 7 2015</ref><ref name="patho"> Neuroblastoma. Libre Pathology(2015) http://librepathology.org/wiki/index.php/Adrenal_gland#Neuroblastoma Accessed on October, 5 2015</ref>
* The table below lists the prognostic factors for neuroblastoma patients:<ref name="radio">Neuroblastoma. Radiopaedia(2015) http://radiopaedia.org/articles/neuroblastoma Accessed on October, 5 2015</ref><ref name="gov"> Neuroblastoma Treatment for health professionals. National Cancer Institute (2015) http://www.cancer.gov/types/neuroblastoma/hp/neuroblastoma-treatment-pdq#link/_534_toc Accessed on October, 7 2015</ref><ref name="patho"> Neuroblastoma. Libre Pathology(2015) http://librepathology.org/wiki/index.php/Adrenal_gland#Neuroblastoma Accessed on October, 5 2015</ref>
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Revision as of 16:29, 14 February 2019

Neuroblastoma Microchapters

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Zahir Ali Shaikh, MD[2]Haytham Allaham, M.D. [3]

Overview

Natural History

  • Neuroblastoma patients may initially present with vague symptoms making the diagnosis of such patients difficult.
  • If left untreated, patients with neuroblastoma may progress to develop fatigue, loss of appetite, joint pain, and fever.
  • Gradual development of site specific symptoms may occur as the tumor size gradually increases.[1]

Complications

  • Complications of neuroblastoma may include:[1]
  • Persistent refractory diarrhea (due to vasoactive intestinal peptide secretion)
  • Horner's syndrome (due to cervical sympathetic chain compression)
  • Opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome and ataxia (due to a paraneoplastic syndrome)
  • Hypertension (due to either catecholamine secretion or renal artery compression)
  • Transverse myelopathy (due to tumor spinal cord compression)
  • Anemia and suppressed immunity (due to bone marrow metastasis)

Prognosis

  • Depending on the extent of the tumor at the time of diagnosis, the prognosis may vary. However, the prognosis of neuroblastoma is generally regarded as poor.
  • INSS stage 1, stage 2, and stage 4S neuroblastomas are associated with a 3 year survival rate of 75-90%.
  • INSS stage 3 neuroblastoma is associated with a 3 year survival rate of 80-90% among patients younger than 1 year of age.
  • INSS stage 3 neuroblastoma is associated with a 3 year survival rate of 50% among patients older than 1 year of age.
  • INSS stage 4 neuroblastoma is associated with a 3 year survival rate of 60-75% among patients younger than 1 year of age.
  • INSS stage 4 neuroblastoma is associated with a 3 year survival rate of 15% among patients older than 1 year of age.
  • The table below lists the prognostic factors for neuroblastoma patients:[2][3][4]
Prognostic Factor Description
Patient's Age
Patients older than 18 months of age are associated with poor prognosis.
Tumor Stage
Advanced INSS stages of neuroblastoma are associated with poor prognosis.
Tumor Grade
An unfavorable Shimada histology index is associated with poor prognosis.
Schwannnian Stroma
Reduced schwannian stroma content on histological analysis is associated with poor prognosis.
Mitotic-karyorrhectic Index
A high mitotic-karyorrhectic index is associated with poor prognosis.
Genetics Mutations
Chromosome 1p deletion, chromosome 11q deletion, and N-MYC oncogene amplification are associated with poor prognosis.
Response to Treatment
Patients whose neuroblastoma responds to treatment and goes into complete remission have a better prognosis than people whose cancer does not respond to the initial treatment.

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Neuroblastoma. Wikipedia(2015) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroblastoma Accessed on October, 5 2015
  2. ↑ Neuroblastoma. Radiopaedia(2015) http://radiopaedia.org/articles/neuroblastoma Accessed on October, 5 2015
  3. ↑ Neuroblastoma Treatment for health professionals. National Cancer Institute (2015) http://www.cancer.gov/types/neuroblastoma/hp/neuroblastoma-treatment-pdq#link/_534_toc Accessed on October, 7 2015
  4. ↑ Neuroblastoma. Libre Pathology(2015) http://librepathology.org/wiki/index.php/Adrenal_gland#Neuroblastoma Accessed on October, 5 2015

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