Nasopharyngeal carcinoma natural history, complications and prognosis: Difference between revisions
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*[[Metastasis]] | *[[Metastasis]] | ||
Potential complications of [[radiotherapy]] include: | Potential complications of [[radiotherapy]] include: | ||
*[[Radiation]] necrosis of the [[temporal lobes]] | * Neurologic complications: | ||
*[[Cranial]] nerve palsies | ** [[Radiation]] necrosis of the [[temporal lobes]] | ||
*[[Atrophy]] and fibrosis of the [[muscles of mastication]] | |||
**[[Cranial]] nerve palsies | |||
**Encephalomyelopathy | |||
**[[Atrophy]] and fibrosis of the [[muscles of mastication]] | |||
*Non- neurologic complications: | |||
**[[Atrophy]] and fibrosis of the [[muscles of mastication]] | |||
**Atrophy of salivary glands | |||
**Otologic deficiencies | |||
**Osteoradionecrosis | |||
==Prognosis== | ==Prognosis== | ||
Non-keratinizing nasopharyngeal carcinoma is associated with a 5 year survival rate of 65%.<ref name="Weidner's">{{cite book |author=Richard Cote, Saul Suster, Lawrence Weiss, Noel Weidner (Editor) |title=Modern Surgical Pathology (2 Volume Set) |publisher=W B Saunders |location=London |year= |pages= |isbn=0-7216-7253-1 |oclc= |doi=}}</ref> Prognosis is influenced by tumor type:<ref name=bbb>Treatment and prognosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Dr Bruno Di Muzio and Dr Frank Gaillard et al. Radiopaedia 2015. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/nasopharyngeal-carcinoma</ref> | Non-keratinizing nasopharyngeal carcinoma is associated with a 5 year survival rate of 65%.<ref name="Weidner's">{{cite book |author=Richard Cote, Saul Suster, Lawrence Weiss, Noel Weidner (Editor) |title=Modern Surgical Pathology (2 Volume Set) |publisher=W B Saunders |location=London |year= |pages= |isbn=0-7216-7253-1 |oclc= |doi=}}</ref> Prognosis is influenced by tumor type:<ref name="bbb">Treatment and prognosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Dr Bruno Di Muzio and Dr Frank Gaillard et al. Radiopaedia 2015. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/nasopharyngeal-carcinoma</ref> | ||
*Type I: Keratinizing [[squamous]] cell carcinoma - 42% 5 year survival | *Type I: Keratinizing [[squamous]] cell carcinoma - 42% 5 year survival | ||
*Type II: Non-keratinizing squamous cell [[carcinoma]] - 65% 5 year survival | *Type II: Non-keratinizing squamous cell [[carcinoma]] - 65% 5 year survival |
Revision as of 14:38, 16 April 2019
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma Microchapters |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Homa Najafi, M.D.[2]Faizan Sheraz, M.D. [3]
Overview
If left untreated nasopharyngeal carcinoma produces few symptoms early in the course of disease. Non-keratinizing nasopharyngeal carcinoma is associated with a 5 year survival rate of 65%. The common complications of nasopharyngeal carcinoma include airway obstruction, dysphagia and disfigurement of the neck or face.
Natural History
- If left untreated nasopharyngeal carcinoma produces few symptoms early in its course.
- Once the tumor has expanded from its site of origin in the lateral wall of the nasopharynx, it may obstruct the nasal passages and cause nasal discharge or epistaxis.
Complications
Complications of nasopharyngeal carcinoma include:
- Airway obstruction
- Dysphagia
- Neck/ face disfigurement
- Hardening of the skin of the neck
- Hoarseness and speaking inability
- Metastasis
Potential complications of radiotherapy include:
- Neurologic complications:
- Radiation necrosis of the temporal lobes
- Cranial nerve palsies
- Encephalomyelopathy
- Atrophy and fibrosis of the muscles of mastication
- Non- neurologic complications:
- Atrophy and fibrosis of the muscles of mastication
- Atrophy of salivary glands
- Otologic deficiencies
- Osteoradionecrosis
Prognosis
Non-keratinizing nasopharyngeal carcinoma is associated with a 5 year survival rate of 65%.[1] Prognosis is influenced by tumor type:[2]
- Type I: Keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma - 42% 5 year survival
- Type II: Non-keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma - 65% 5 year survival
- Type III: Undifferentiated carcinoma - 14% 5 year survival
References
- ↑ Richard Cote, Saul Suster, Lawrence Weiss, Noel Weidner (Editor). Modern Surgical Pathology (2 Volume Set). London: W B Saunders. ISBN 0-7216-7253-1.
- ↑ Treatment and prognosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Dr Bruno Di Muzio and Dr Frank Gaillard et al. Radiopaedia 2015. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/nasopharyngeal-carcinoma