Radiation proctitis primary prevention: Difference between revisions
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* Identifying high risk patients, based on genomic study helps taking extra precautions in those patients<ref name="pmid24974847">{{cite journal| author=Fachal L, Gómez-Caamaño A, Barnett GC, Peleteiro P, Carballo AM, Calvo-Crespo P et al.| title=A three-stage genome-wide association study identifies a susceptibility locus for late radiotherapy toxicity at 2q24.1. | journal=Nat Genet | year= 2014 | volume= 46 | issue= 8 | pages= 891-4 | pmid=24974847 | doi=10.1038/ng.3020 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24974847 }}</ref><ref name="pmid21861849">{{cite journal| author=West CM, Barnett GC| title=Genetics and genomics of radiotherapy toxicity: towards prediction. | journal=Genome Med | year= 2011 | volume= 3 | issue= 8 | pages= 52 | pmid=21861849 | doi=10.1186/gm268 | pmc=3238178 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21861849 }}</ref> | * Identifying high risk patients, based on genomic study helps taking extra precautions in those patients<ref name="pmid24974847">{{cite journal| author=Fachal L, Gómez-Caamaño A, Barnett GC, Peleteiro P, Carballo AM, Calvo-Crespo P et al.| title=A three-stage genome-wide association study identifies a susceptibility locus for late radiotherapy toxicity at 2q24.1. | journal=Nat Genet | year= 2014 | volume= 46 | issue= 8 | pages= 891-4 | pmid=24974847 | doi=10.1038/ng.3020 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24974847 }}</ref><ref name="pmid21861849">{{cite journal| author=West CM, Barnett GC| title=Genetics and genomics of radiotherapy toxicity: towards prediction. | journal=Genome Med | year= 2011 | volume= 3 | issue= 8 | pages= 52 | pmid=21861849 | doi=10.1186/gm268 | pmc=3238178 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21861849 }}</ref> | ||
* Use of adjuvant medical treatment (Ex: amifostine, sucralfate, 5-aminosalicylic acid, or sulphasalazine) have been associated with the minimal effect and are rarely used.<ref name="pmid12443806">{{cite journal| author=Stellamans K, Lievens Y, Lambin P, Van den Weyngaert D, Van den Bogaert W, Scalliet P et al.| title=Does sucralfate reduce early side effects of pelvic radiation? A double-blind randomized trial. | journal=Radiother Oncol | year= 2002 | volume= 65 | issue= 2 | pages= 105-8 | pmid=12443806 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12443806 }}</ref><ref name="pmid17855015">{{cite journal| author=Simone NL, Ménard C, Soule BP, Albert PS, Guion P, Smith S et al.| title=Intrarectal amifostine during external beam radiation therapy for prostate cancer produces significant improvements in Quality of Life measured by EPIC score. | journal=Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys | year= 2008 | volume= 70 | issue= 1 | pages= 90-5 | pmid=17855015 | doi=10.1016/j.ijrobp.2007.05.057 | pmc=2267374 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17855015 }}</ref><ref name="pmid22643562">{{cite journal| author=Koukourakis MI, Kyrgias G, Panteliadou M, Papadopoulou A, Tsiarkatsi M, Papachristou E et al.| title=Dose escalation of amifostine for radioprotection during pelvic accelerated radiotherapy. | journal=Am J Clin Oncol | year= 2013 | volume= 36 | issue= 4 | pages= 338-43 | pmid=22643562 | doi=10.1097/COC.0b013e318248d882 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22643562 }}</ref> | * Use of adjuvant medical treatment (Ex: amifostine, sucralfate, 5-aminosalicylic acid, or sulphasalazine) have been associated with the minimal effect and are rarely used.<ref name="pmid12443806">{{cite journal| author=Stellamans K, Lievens Y, Lambin P, Van den Weyngaert D, Van den Bogaert W, Scalliet P et al.| title=Does sucralfate reduce early side effects of pelvic radiation? A double-blind randomized trial. | journal=Radiother Oncol | year= 2002 | volume= 65 | issue= 2 | pages= 105-8 | pmid=12443806 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12443806 }}</ref><ref name="pmid17855015">{{cite journal| author=Simone NL, Ménard C, Soule BP, Albert PS, Guion P, Smith S et al.| title=Intrarectal amifostine during external beam radiation therapy for prostate cancer produces significant improvements in Quality of Life measured by EPIC score. | journal=Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys | year= 2008 | volume= 70 | issue= 1 | pages= 90-5 | pmid=17855015 | doi=10.1016/j.ijrobp.2007.05.057 | pmc=2267374 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17855015 }}</ref><ref name="pmid22643562">{{cite journal| author=Koukourakis MI, Kyrgias G, Panteliadou M, Papadopoulou A, Tsiarkatsi M, Papachristou E et al.| title=Dose escalation of amifostine for radioprotection during pelvic accelerated radiotherapy. | journal=Am J Clin Oncol | year= 2013 | volume= 36 | issue= 4 | pages= 338-43 | pmid=22643562 | doi=10.1097/COC.0b013e318248d882 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22643562 }}</ref> | ||
* Synbiotics and microbiotics can be used to prevent radiation proctitis by altering the intestinal flora.<ref name="pmid24599929">{{cite journal| author=Ferreira MR, Muls A, Dearnaley DP, Andreyev HJ| title=Microbiota and radiation-induced bowel toxicity: lessons from inflammatory bowel disease for the radiation oncologist. | journal=Lancet Oncol | year= 2014 | volume= 15 | issue= 3 | pages= e139-47 | pmid=24599929 | doi=10.1016/S1470-2045(13)70504-7 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24599929 }}</ref> | * Synbiotics and microbiotics can be used to prevent radiation proctitis by altering the intestinal flora.<ref name="pmid24599929">{{cite journal| author=Ferreira MR, Muls A, Dearnaley DP, Andreyev HJ| title=Microbiota and radiation-induced bowel toxicity: lessons from inflammatory bowel disease for the radiation oncologist. | journal=Lancet Oncol | year= 2014 | volume= 15 | issue= 3 | pages= e139-47 | pmid=24599929 | doi=10.1016/S1470-2045(13)70504-7 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24599929 }}</ref><ref name="pmid25304789">{{cite journal| author=Nascimento M, Aguilar-Nascimento JE, Caporossi C, Castro-Barcellos HM, Motta RT| title=Efficacy of synbiotics to reduce acute radiation proctitis symptoms and improve quality of life: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot trial. | journal=Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys | year= 2014 | volume= 90 | issue= 2 | pages= 289-95 | pmid=25304789 | doi=10.1016/j.ijrobp.2014.05.049 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25304789 }}</ref> | ||
* Implantation of of endorectal balloons and novel rectum spacers lead to reduction in the maximum dose to the rectum and the total volume of irradiated rectum<ref name="pmid23474285">{{cite journal| author=Smeenk RJ, van Lin EN| title=Application of anorectal sparing devices in prostate radiotherapy. | journal=Radiother Oncol | year= 2013 | volume= 106 | issue= 2 | pages= 155-6 | pmid=23474285 | doi=10.1016/j.radonc.2013.02.004 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23474285 }}</ref> | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Overview
Primary Prevention
Primary prevention strategies include: [1]
- modifications of radiation techniques and doses (Ex: intensity-modulated radiation therapy, image-guided radiation therapy decreases the rectal toxicity while maximizing the dose to the tumor.)[2]
- Identifying high risk patients, based on genomic study helps taking extra precautions in those patients[3][4]
- Use of adjuvant medical treatment (Ex: amifostine, sucralfate, 5-aminosalicylic acid, or sulphasalazine) have been associated with the minimal effect and are rarely used.[5][6][7]
- Synbiotics and microbiotics can be used to prevent radiation proctitis by altering the intestinal flora.[8][9]
- Implantation of of endorectal balloons and novel rectum spacers lead to reduction in the maximum dose to the rectum and the total volume of irradiated rectum[10]
References
- ↑ Hille A, Christiansen H, Pradier O, Hermann RM, Siekmeyer B, Weiss E; et al. (2005). "Effect of pentoxifylline and tocopherol on radiation proctitis/enteritis". Strahlenther Onkol. 181 (9): 606–14. doi:10.1007/s00066-005-1390-y. PMID 16170489.
- ↑ Fonteyne V, De Neve W, Villeirs G, De Wagter C, De Meerleer G (2007). "Late radiotherapy-induced lower intestinal toxicity (RILIT) of intensity-modulated radiotherapy for prostate cancer: the need for adapting toxicity scales and the appearance of the sigmoid colon as co-responsible organ for lower intestinal toxicity". Radiother Oncol. 84 (2): 156–63. doi:10.1016/j.radonc.2007.06.013. PMID 17692976.
- ↑ Fachal L, Gómez-Caamaño A, Barnett GC, Peleteiro P, Carballo AM, Calvo-Crespo P; et al. (2014). "A three-stage genome-wide association study identifies a susceptibility locus for late radiotherapy toxicity at 2q24.1". Nat Genet. 46 (8): 891–4. doi:10.1038/ng.3020. PMID 24974847.
- ↑ West CM, Barnett GC (2011). "Genetics and genomics of radiotherapy toxicity: towards prediction". Genome Med. 3 (8): 52. doi:10.1186/gm268. PMC 3238178. PMID 21861849.
- ↑ Stellamans K, Lievens Y, Lambin P, Van den Weyngaert D, Van den Bogaert W, Scalliet P; et al. (2002). "Does sucralfate reduce early side effects of pelvic radiation? A double-blind randomized trial". Radiother Oncol. 65 (2): 105–8. PMID 12443806.
- ↑ Simone NL, Ménard C, Soule BP, Albert PS, Guion P, Smith S; et al. (2008). "Intrarectal amifostine during external beam radiation therapy for prostate cancer produces significant improvements in Quality of Life measured by EPIC score". Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 70 (1): 90–5. doi:10.1016/j.ijrobp.2007.05.057. PMC 2267374. PMID 17855015.
- ↑ Koukourakis MI, Kyrgias G, Panteliadou M, Papadopoulou A, Tsiarkatsi M, Papachristou E; et al. (2013). "Dose escalation of amifostine for radioprotection during pelvic accelerated radiotherapy". Am J Clin Oncol. 36 (4): 338–43. doi:10.1097/COC.0b013e318248d882. PMID 22643562.
- ↑ Ferreira MR, Muls A, Dearnaley DP, Andreyev HJ (2014). "Microbiota and radiation-induced bowel toxicity: lessons from inflammatory bowel disease for the radiation oncologist". Lancet Oncol. 15 (3): e139–47. doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(13)70504-7. PMID 24599929.
- ↑ Nascimento M, Aguilar-Nascimento JE, Caporossi C, Castro-Barcellos HM, Motta RT (2014). "Efficacy of synbiotics to reduce acute radiation proctitis symptoms and improve quality of life: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot trial". Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 90 (2): 289–95. doi:10.1016/j.ijrobp.2014.05.049. PMID 25304789.
- ↑ Smeenk RJ, van Lin EN (2013). "Application of anorectal sparing devices in prostate radiotherapy". Radiother Oncol. 106 (2): 155–6. doi:10.1016/j.radonc.2013.02.004. PMID 23474285.