Beriberi classification: Difference between revisions
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==Classification== | ==Classification== | ||
Beriberi is usually classified into two types based on the main system affected (Wet and dry). The two forms may appear in the same patient, but one form dominates the disease phenotype. | Beriberi is usually classified into two types based on the main system affected (Wet and dry). The two forms may appear in the same patient, but one form dominates the disease phenotype. | ||
Other forms as infantile beriberi or Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome occur in special populations. | Other forms as infantile beriberi or Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome occur in special populations.<ref name="pmid8868953">{{cite journal| author=Meurin P| title=[Shoshin beriberi. A rapidly curable hemodynamic disaster]. | journal=Presse Med | year= 1996 | volume= 25 | issue= 24 | pages= 1115-8 | pmid=8868953 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8868953 }}</ref><ref name="pmid30725889">{{cite journal| author=| title=StatPearls | journal= | year= 2019 | volume= | issue= | pages= | pmid=30725889 | doi= | pmc= | url= }}</ref> | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
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|Peripheral nervous system | |Peripheral nervous system | ||
|Usually follows a chronic disease course | |Usually follows a chronic disease course | ||
|Individuals with chronic thiamine deficiency | |Individuals with chronic [[thiamine]] deficiency | ||
|[[Polyneuritis]] and symmetric, ascending paralysis of the peripheral nerve systems. It first affects the sensory system (parasthesia), then the motor system (loss of tendon reflexes, followed by foot and wrist drop) | |[[Polyneuritis]] and symmetric, ascending paralysis of the peripheral nerve systems. It first affects the [[sensory system]] ([[Paresthesia|parasthesia]]), then the motor system (loss of tendon reflexes, followed by foot and [[wrist drop]]) | ||
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|Infantile beriberi | |Infantile beriberi | ||
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|Early signs include restlessness, constipation, and vomiting. | |Early signs include restlessness, constipation, and vomiting. | ||
* Cardiac form: Acute cardiac failure (edema and cyanosis). Once heart failure develops, the infant may die in two to four hours. | * Cardiac form: Acute cardiac failure ([[edema]] and [[cyanosis]]). Once heart failure develops, the infant may die in two to four hours. | ||
* Aphonic form: hoarseness, weak cry, and even loss of voice due to vocal cord paralysis. | * Aphonic form: hoarseness, weak cry, and even loss of voice due to vocal cord paralysis. | ||
* Pseudomeningitic form: The classic presentation of meningitis (nystagmus, vomiting and seizures); however, CSF analysis reveals no infectious organisms. | * Pseudomeningitic form: The classic presentation of meningitis ([[nystagmus]], vomiting and [[Seizure|seizures]]); however, CSF analysis reveals no infectious organisms. | ||
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|Wenicke-Korsakoff Syndrome | |Wenicke-Korsakoff Syndrome | ||
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|Two conditions: | |Two conditions: | ||
* Acute (Wernicke's encephalopathy) or | * Acute ([[Wernicke syndrome|Wernicke]]'s encephalopathy) or | ||
* Chronic (Korsakoff psychosis) | * Chronic ([[Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome|Korsakoff]] psychosis) | ||
|Chronic alcoholics (precipitated by high carbohydrate consumption that exacerbates subclinical thiamine deficiency) | |[[Alcoholism|Chronic alcoholics]] (precipitated by high carbohydrate consumption that exacerbates subclinical thiamine deficiency) | ||
| | | | ||
* Wernicke's encephalopathy: Confusion, ataxia, ptosis, and double vision. | * Wernicke's encephalopathy: Confusion, [[ataxia]], ptosis, and double vision. | ||
* Korsakoff psychosis: Hallucinations, confabulation, and amnesia. | * Korsakoff psychosis: [[Hallucination|Hallucinations]], confabulation, and [[amnesia]]. | ||
|}<br /> | |}<br /> | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 19:00, 5 November 2019
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Beriberi Microchapters |
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Beriberi classification On the Web |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Beriberi classification |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
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Overview
Classification
Beriberi is usually classified into two types based on the main system affected (Wet and dry). The two forms may appear in the same patient, but one form dominates the disease phenotype. Other forms as infantile beriberi or Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome occur in special populations.[1][2]
| Affected Site | Course | Population | Presentation | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wet beriberi | Cardiovascular System |
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Individuals with chronic thiamine deficiency |
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| Dry beriberi | Peripheral nervous system | Usually follows a chronic disease course | Individuals with chronic thiamine deficiency | Polyneuritis and symmetric, ascending paralysis of the peripheral nerve systems. It first affects the sensory system (parasthesia), then the motor system (loss of tendon reflexes, followed by foot and wrist drop) |
| Infantile beriberi | Cardiovascular or nervous system | Usually follows a progressive disease course and has three distinct forms:
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Infants nursed by thiamine-deficient mothers.
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Early signs include restlessness, constipation, and vomiting.
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| Wenicke-Korsakoff Syndrome | Brain | Two conditions: | Chronic alcoholics (precipitated by high carbohydrate consumption that exacerbates subclinical thiamine deficiency) |
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