Sudden infant death syndrome diagnostic study of choice: Difference between revisions
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**'''[[Gastroesophageal reflux disease]]''' ([[Gastroesophageal reflux disease|GERD]]) if suspected, evaluate by doing: | **'''[[Gastroesophageal reflux disease]]''' ([[Gastroesophageal reflux disease|GERD]]) if suspected, evaluate by doing: | ||
***Barium studies | ***Barium studies | ||
***Radioisotope scan | ***[[Radioisotope scan|Radioisotope]] scan | ||
**'''[[Infection]]''' if suspected, evaluate by doing: | **'''[[Infection]]''' if suspected, evaluate by doing: | ||
***Blood gas analysis (BGA) | ***Blood gas analysis (BGA) | ||
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***[[Electrolyte disturbance|Serum electrolytes]] | ***[[Electrolyte disturbance|Serum electrolytes]] | ||
***[[Urinalysis]] | ***[[Urinalysis]] | ||
OR | OR | ||
Revision as of 13:23, 28 May 2020
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Sudden infant death syndrome Microchapters |
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Differentiating Sudden infant death syndrome from other Diseases |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Overview
There is no single diagnostic test for the diagnosis of the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). SIDS is mostly diagnosed with the process of elimination of the other possible causes of the death in the infant.
Diagnostic Study of Choice
Study of choice
- The big issue with sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is that there is no single diagnostic test for the diagnosis of the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).[1]
- SIDS is mostly diagnosed with the process of elimination of the other possible causes of the death in the infant.
- Investigation of SIDS include the following:[2][3]
- An autopsy
- Scene investigation and circumstances of the death
- Exploration of the medical history of the infant and family
Apparent Life-Threatening Events (ALTEs) may be helpful in evaluating for SIDS:[4][5][6][7][8][9][10]
- ALTEs can be found approximately in 1 of 400 infants
- ALTEs incules apneic episodes along with changes in the following:
- Skin colour changes which include:
- Muscle tone either increased or decreased
- Choking if suspected, evaluate by doing:
- Barium studies
- Observation
- Gasping
- Anemia if suspected, evaluate by doing complete blood count (CBC)
- Apnea if suspected, evaluate by doing:
- Continuous pulse oximetry
- Sleep study
- Long QT syndrome if suspected, evaluate by doing electrocardiography (ECG)
- If suspected any upper respiratory problems like bronchiolitis, pertussis, or respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) do the following to confirm:
- Chest radiography
- Pulse oximetry
- Respiratory syncytial virus
- Pertussis culture
- Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) if suspected, evaluate by doing:
- Barium studies
- Radioisotope scan
- Infection if suspected, evaluate by doing:
- Blood gas analysis (BGA)
- Blood lactate level
- Complete blood count (CBC)
- Chest x-ray
- Lumbar puncture (LP) with cerebrospinal fluid analysis (CSF)
- Serum electrolytes
- Urinalysis
OR
[Name of the investigation] is the gold standard test for the diagnosis of [disease name].
OR
The diagnostic study of choice for [disease name] is [name of the investigation].
OR
There is no single diagnostic study of choice for the diagnosis of [disease name].
OR
There is no single diagnostic study of choice for the diagnosis of [disease name], but [disease name] can be diagnosed based on [name of the investigation 1] and [name of the investigation 2].
OR
[Disease name] is primarily diagnosed based on the clinical presentation.
OR
Investigations:
- Among the patients who present with clinical signs of [disease name], the [investigation name] is the most specific test for the diagnosis.
- Among the patients who present with clinical signs of [disease name], the [investigation name] is the most sensitive test for diagnosis.
- Among the patients who present with clinical signs of [disease name], the [investigation name] is the most efficient test for diagnosis.
The comparison of various diagnostic studies for [disease name]
| Test | Sensitivity | Specificity |
|---|---|---|
| Test 1 | ...% | ...% |
| Test 2 | ...% | ...% |
[Name of test with higher sensitivity and specificity] is the preferred investigation based on the sensitivity and specificity
Diagnostic results
The following finding(s) on performing [investigation name] is(are) confirmatory for [disease name]:
- [Finding 1]
- [Finding 2]
Sequence of Diagnostic Studies
The [name of investigation] must be performed when:
- The patient presented with symptoms/signs 1, 2, and 3 as the first step of diagnosis.
- A positive [test] is detected in the patient, to confirm the diagnosis.
OR
The various investigations must be performed in the following order:
- [Initial investigation]
- [2nd investigation]
Name of Diagnostic Criteria
It is recommended that you include the criteria in a table. Make sure you always cite the source of the content and whether the table has been adapted from another source.
[Disease name] is primarily diagnosed based on clinical presentation. There are no established criteria for the diagnosis of [disease name].
OR
There is no single diagnostic study of choice for [disease name], though [disease name] may be diagnosed based on [name of criteria] established by [...].
OR
The diagnosis of [disease name] is made when at least [number] of the following [number] diagnostic criteria are met: [criterion 1], [criterion 2], [criterion 3], and [criterion 4].
OR
The diagnosis of [disease name] is based on the [criteria name] criteria, which includes [criterion 1], [criterion 2], and [criterion 3].
OR
[Disease name] may be diagnosed at any time if one or more of the following criteria are met:
- Criteria 1
- Criteria 2
- Criteria 3
OR
IF there are clear, established diagnostic criteria
The diagnosis of [disease name] is made when at least [number] of the following [number] diagnostic criteria are met: [criterion 1], [criterion 2], [criterion 3], and [criterion 4].
OR
The diagnosis of [disease name] is based on the [criteria name] criteria, which include [criterion 1], [criterion 2], and [criterion 3].
OR
The diagnosis of [disease name] is based on the [definition name] definition, which includes [criterion 1], [criterion 2], and [criterion 3].
OR
IF there are no established diagnostic criteria
There are no established criteria for the diagnosis of [disease name].
References
- ↑ Duncan JR, Byard RW (2018). "SIDS Sudden Infant and Early Childhood Death: The Past, the Present and the Future". PMID 30035964.
- ↑ Guffanti S, Grancini F, Scalfaro C, Podestà AF (2004). "[Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)]". Pediatr Med Chir. 26 (2): 96–104. PMID 15700732.
- ↑ Duncan JR, Byard RW (2018). "SIDS Sudden Infant and Early Childhood Death: The Past, the Present and the Future". PMID 30035958.
- ↑ Kiechl-Kohlendorfer U, Hof D, Peglow UP, Traweger-Ravanelli B, Kiechl S (2005). "Epidemiology of apparent life threatening events". Arch Dis Child. 90 (3): 297–300. doi:10.1136/adc.2004.049452. PMC 1720328. PMID 15723922.
- ↑ Gleeson M, Clancy RL, Cox AJ, Gulliver SA, Hall ST, Cooper DM (2004). "Mucosal immune responses to infections in infants with acute life threatening events classified as 'near-miss' sudden infant death syndrome". FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol. 42 (1): 105–18. doi:10.1016/j.femsim.2004.06.019. PMID 15325403.
- ↑ Esani N, Hodgman JE, Ehsani N, Hoppenbrouwers T (2008). "Apparent life-threatening events and sudden infant death syndrome: comparison of risk factors". J Pediatr. 152 (3): 365–70. doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2007.07.054. PMID 18280841.
- ↑ Wasilewska J, Kaczmarski M (2009). "[Modifiable risk factors of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). The current guidelines for reducing the risk of SIDS]". Wiad Lek. 62 (1): 30–6. PMID 19817255.
- ↑ Poets CF (2000). "[Home monitoring of infants at risk of sudden infant death: suggestions for reconsideration of current practice]". Wien Klin Wochenschr. 112 (5): 198–203. PMID 10763531.
- ↑ DiMario, F. J. (2008). "Apparent Life-Threatening Events: So What Happens Next?". PEDIATRICS. 122 (1): 190–191. doi:10.1542/peds.2008-1242. ISSN 0031-4005.
- ↑ Kadivar M, Yaghmaie B, Allahverdi B, Shahbaznejad L, Razi N, Mosayebi Z (2013) Apparent life-threatening events in neonatal period: clinical manifestations and diagnostic challenges in a pediatric referral center. Iran J Pediatr 23 (4):458-66. PMID: 24427501