Heart transplantation classification: Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 05:31, 19 June 2020

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ifrah Fatima, M.B.B.S [2]

Overview

Cardiac Transplantation may be classified according to the surgical procedure performed into Orthotopic procedure and Heterotropic Procedure.

Classification

Cardiac Transplantation may be classified according to the surgical procedure performed into:

Orthotopic procedure
Heterotropic Procedure

Orthotopic Procedure

The orthotopic procedure begins with the surgeons performing a median sternotomy to expose the mediastinum. The pericardium is opened, the great vessels are dissected and patient is attached to cardiopulmonary bypass. The failing heart is removed by transecting the great vessels and a portion of the left atrium. The pulmonary veins are not transected; rather a circular portion of the left atrium containing the pulmonary veins is left in place. The donor heart is trimmed to fit onto the patients remaining left atrium and great vessels and sutured in place. The new heart is restarted, the patient is weaned from cardiopulmonary bypass and the chest cavity is closed.

Heterotopic procedure

In the heterotopic procedure, the patient's own heart is not removed before implanting the donor heart. The new heart is positioned so that the chambers and blood vessels of both hearts can be connected to form what is effectively a 'double heart'. The procedure can give the patients original heart a chance to recover, and if the donor's heart happens to fail (eg. through rejection), it may be removed, allowing the patients original heart to start working again. Heterotopic procedures are only used in cases where the donor heart is not strong enough to function by itself (due to either the patients body being considerably larger than the donor's, the donor having a weak heart, or the patient suffering from pulmonary hypertension).

References

Template:WH Template:WS

@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
 {{ Heart transplantation}}
-{{CMG}}; {{AE}}
+{{CMG}}; {{AE}}{{IF}}
 ==Overview==
-There is no established system for the classification of [disease name].
-OR
+Cardiac Transplantation may be classified according to the surgical procedure performed into Orthotopic procedure and Heterotropic Procedure.
-[Disease name] may be classified according to [classification method] into [number] subtypes/groups: [group1], [group2], [group3], and [group4].
-OR
-[Disease name] may be classified into [large number > 6] subtypes based on [classification method 1], [classification method 2], and [classification method 3].
-[Disease name] may be classified into several subtypes based on [classification method 1], [classification method 2], and [classification method 3].
-OR
-Based on the duration of symptoms, [disease name] may be classified as either acute or chronic.
-OR
-If the staging system involves specific and characteristic findings and features:
-According to the [staging system + reference], there are [number] stages of [malignancy name] based on the [finding1], [finding2], and [finding3]. Each stage is assigned a [letter/number1] and a [letter/number2] that designate the [feature1] and [feature2].
-OR
-The staging of [malignancy name] is based on the [staging system].
-OR
-There is no established system for the staging of [malignancy name].
 ==Classification==
-There is no established system for the classification of [disease name].
+Cardiac Transplantation may be classified according to the surgical procedure performed into:
+*Orthotopic procedure
-OR
+*Heterotropic Procedure
-[Disease name] may be classified according to [classification method] into [number] subtypes/groups:
-*[Group1]
-*[Group2]
-*[Group3]
-*[Group4]
-OR
-[Disease name] may be classified into [large number > 6] subtypes based on:
-*[Classification method 1]
-*[Classification method 2]
-*[Classification method 3]
-[Disease name] may be classified into several subtypes based on:
-*[Classification method 1]
-*[Classification method 2]
-*[Classification method 3]
-OR
-Based on the duration of symptoms, [disease name] may be classified as either acute or chronic.
-OR
-'''If the staging system involves specific and characteristic findings and features:'''
-According to the [staging system + reference], there are [number] stages of [malignancy name] based on the [finding1], [finding2], and [finding3]. Each stage is assigned a [letter/number1] and a [letter/number2] that designate the [feature1] and [feature2].
-OR
-The staging of [malignancy name] is based on the [staging system].
-OR
+===Orthotopic Procedure===
+The orthotopic procedure begins with the surgeons performing a [[median sternotomy]] to expose the [[mediastinum]]. The [[pericardium]] is opened, the [[great vessels]] are dissected and patient is attached to [[cardiopulmonary bypass]]. The failing heart is removed by transecting the [[great vessels]] and a portion of the [[left atrium]]. The [[pulmonary veins]] are not transected; rather a circular portion of the [[left atrium]] containing the [[pulmonary veins]] is left in place. The donor heart is trimmed to fit onto the patients remaining left atrium and great vessels and sutured in place. The new heart is restarted, the patient is weaned from cardiopulmonary bypass and the chest cavity is closed.
-There is no established system for the staging of [malignancy name].
+===Heterotopic procedure===
+In the heterotopic procedure, the patient's own heart is not removed before implanting the donor heart. The new heart is positioned so that the chambers and blood vessels of both hearts can be connected to form what is effectively a 'double heart'. The procedure can give the patients original heart a chance to recover, and if the donor's heart happens to fail (eg. through rejection), it may be removed, allowing the patients original heart to start working again. Heterotopic procedures are only used in cases where the donor heart is not strong enough to function by itself (due to either the patients body being considerably larger than the donor's, the donor having a weak heart, or the patient suffering from [[pulmonary hypertension]]).
 ==References==