Non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis echocardiography and ultrasound

non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aisha Adigun, B.Sc., M.D.[2]

Overview

There are no echocardiography/ultrasound findings associated with [disease name].

OR

Echocardiography/ultrasound may be helpful in the diagnosis of [disease name]. Findings on an echocardiography/ultrasound suggestive of/diagnostic of [disease name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].

OR

There are no echocardiography/ultrasound findings associated with [disease name]. However, an echocardiography/ultrasound may be helpful in the diagnosis of complications of [disease name], which include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].

Echocardiography/Ultrasound

• Echocardiography may be helpful in the diagnosis of non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis. It is especially important in visualizing valvular vegetations suggestive of NBTE
• Left sided valves are more commonly affected with 75% of cases seen in the mitral valve.
• The vegetations in NBTE are typically <1cm, broad-based, and irregularly shaped.
• Transesophageal echocardiography is more sensitive (90%) than transthoracic echocardiography, especially for vegetations <5mm.
• Because transesophageal echocardiography is an invasive procedure, evaluation of patients with this modality should be cased-based.
• The two-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (2D-TEE) has a higher diagnostic value for the detection of Libman-Sacks vegetations, however, the three-dimensional TEE (3D-TEE) has the following benefits over it:
  • Improved detection
  • Improved characterization
  • Improved clinical correlations of Libman-Sacks vegetations
  • Provides clinically relevant additive information complementing the 2D-TEE for the characterization, detection, and association with the cerebrovascular disease of Libman-Sacks **endocarditis.