C4 glomerulopathy overview: Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 01:44, 3 August 2020

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Ali Poyan Mehr, M.D. [2]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Olufunmilola Olubukola M.D.[3]

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Differential Diagnosis

Causes

Risk Factors

Screening

Epidemiology and Demographics

Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Imaging Studies

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Prevention

References

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 ==Classification==
 ==Pathophysiology==
-*The generation of the classical pathway of complement occurs by the immune complex.
-*Immune complex glomerulonephritis, such as lupus, frequently activates the classical pathway by binding C1q to the antibody-containing immune complexes, which can result in glomerular deposition of immunoglobulins, C3, C1q, and C4d.
-*C4 activation can also ensue by the lectin pathway of complement.
-*In the lectin pathway, mannose-binding lectins bind to mannose located on the carbohydrates structure or microbial membranes, which activate C4 (and therefore bypass C1q), resulting in the formation of the classical pathway C3 convertase.
-*Glomerular C4d, is a split creation of C4, is suggestive of C4 activation as a result of activation of either the lectin pathway of the classical complement pathway.
-*In C4 glomerulopathy, bright streak for C4d indicates mesangial/capillary wall deposits. C4d deposits are present in a few cases of IgA nephropathy and post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis.
 ==Differential Diagnosis==

C4 glomerulopathy overview: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 01:44, 3 August 2020

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Differential Diagnosis

Causes

Risk Factors

Screening

Epidemiology and Demographics

Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Imaging Studies

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Prevention

References

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