Epistaxis physical examination: Difference between revisions
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==Physical Examination== | ==Physical Examination== | ||
[[Physical examination]] of [[patients]] with [[epistaxis]] is usually remarkable for [[bleeding]] from [[nostrils]] and [[posterior]] [[nose]] [[bleeding]].<ref name="BeckSorge2018">{{cite journal|last1=Beck|first1=Rafael|last2=Sorge|first2=Martin|last3=Schneider|first3=Antonius|last4=Dietz|first4=Andreas|title=Current Approaches to Epistaxis Treatment in Primary and Secondary Care|journal=Deutsches Aerzteblatt Online|year=2018|issn=1866-0452|doi=10.3238/arztebl.2018.0012}}</ref> | [[Physical examination]] of [[patients]] with [[epistaxis]] is usually remarkable for [[bleeding]] from [[nostrils]] and [[posterior]] [[nose]] [[bleeding]].<ref name="BeckSorge2018">{{cite journal|last1=Beck|first1=Rafael|last2=Sorge|first2=Martin|last3=Schneider|first3=Antonius|last4=Dietz|first4=Andreas|title=Current Approaches to Epistaxis Treatment in Primary and Secondary Care|journal=Deutsches Aerzteblatt Online|year=2018|issn=1866-0452|doi=10.3238/arztebl.2018.0012}}</ref> <ref name="El-DaroutiAl-Ali2019">{{cite journal|last1=El-Darouti|first1=Mohammad Ali|last2=Al-Ali|first2=Faiza Mohamed|title=Epistaxis with Vascular Papules of Skin and Mouth|year=2019|pages=479–483|doi=10.1007/978-3-030-21855-3_63}}</ref> <ref name="KrulewitzFix2019">{{cite journal|last1=Krulewitz|first1=Neil Alexander|last2=Fix|first2=Megan Leigh|title=Epistaxis|journal=Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America|volume=37|issue=1|year=2019|pages=29–39|issn=07338627|doi=10.1016/j.emc.2018.09.005}}</ref> <ref name="TunkelAnne2020">{{cite journal|last1=Tunkel|first1=David E.|last2=Anne|first2=Samantha|last3=Payne|first3=Spencer C.|last4=Ishman|first4=Stacey L.|last5=Rosenfeld|first5=Richard M.|last6=Abramson|first6=Peter J.|last7=Alikhaani|first7=Jacqueline D.|last8=Benoit|first8=Margo McKenna|last9=Bercovitz|first9=Rachel S.|last10=Brown|first10=Michael D.|last11=Chernobilsky|first11=Boris|last12=Feldstein|first12=David A.|last13=Hackell|first13=Jesse M.|last14=Holbrook|first14=Eric H.|last15=Holdsworth|first15=Sarah M.|last16=Lin|first16=Kenneth W.|last17=Lind|first17=Meredith Merz|last18=Poetker|first18=David M.|last19=Riley|first19=Charles A.|last20=Schneider|first20=John S.|last21=Seidman|first21=Michael D.|last22=Vadlamudi|first22=Venu|last23=Valdez|first23=Tulio A.|last24=Nnacheta|first24=Lorraine C.|last25=Monjur|first25=Taskin M.|title=Clinical Practice Guideline: Nosebleed (Epistaxis)|journal=Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery|volume=162|issue=1_suppl|year=2020|pages=S1–S38|issn=0194-5998|doi=10.1177/0194599819890327}}</ref> | ||
===Appearance of the Patient=== | |||
=== Appearance of the Patient === | |||
[[Patients]] with [[epistaxis]] are usually well-appearing. | [[Patients]] with [[epistaxis]] are usually well-appearing. | ||
=== '''Vital Signs''' === | ==='''Vital Signs'''=== | ||
Vital signs in [[patients]] with [[epistaxis]] are usually normal. | Vital signs in [[patients]] with [[epistaxis]] are usually normal. | ||
In heavy [[epistaxis]] [[patients]] may have [[hypotension]] and [[tachycardia]] due to [[hypovolemia]]. | In heavy [[epistaxis]] [[patients]] may have [[hypotension]] and [[tachycardia]] due to [[hypovolemia]]. | ||
=== Skin === | ===Skin=== | ||
[[Patients]] with [[epistaxis]] may have vascular malformation. | [[Patients]] with [[epistaxis]] may have vascular malformation. | ||
=== HEENT === | ===HEENT=== | ||
* Evidence of [[septal perforation]] | *Evidence of [[septal perforation]] | ||
* Evidence of [[trauma]] | *Evidence of [[trauma]] | ||
* [[Foreign body]] | *[[Foreign body]] | ||
* Discoloration of [[Mucous membrane|mucosa]] | *Discoloration of [[Mucous membrane|mucosa]] | ||
* Active [[bleeding]] [[vessel]] | *Active [[bleeding]] [[vessel]] | ||
=== Lungs === | ===Lungs=== | ||
Lungs examination in [[Patient|patients]] with [[epistaxis]] is usually normal. | Lungs examination in [[Patient|patients]] with [[epistaxis]] is usually normal. | ||
=== Abdomen === | ===Abdomen=== | ||
Abdomen examination in [[Patient|patients]] with [[epistaxis]] is usually normal. | [[Abdomen]] examination in [[Patient|patients]] with [[epistaxis]] is usually normal. | ||
=== Back === | ===Back=== | ||
[[Human back|Back]] examination in [[Patient|patients]] with [[epistaxis]] is usually normal. | [[Human back|Back]] examination in [[Patient|patients]] with [[epistaxis]] is usually normal. | ||
=== Genitourinary === | ===Genitourinary=== | ||
[[Genitourinary system|Genitourinary]] examination in [[Patient|patients]] with [[epistaxis]] is usually normal. | [[Genitourinary system|Genitourinary]] examination in [[Patient|patients]] with [[epistaxis]] is usually normal. | ||
=== Neuromuscular === | ===Neuromuscular=== | ||
[[Neuromuscular]] examination of [[Patient|patients]] with [[epistaxis]] is usually normal. | [[Neuromuscular]] examination of [[Patient|patients]] with [[epistaxis]] is usually normal. | ||
=== Extremities === | ===Extremities=== | ||
Extremities examination of [[Patient|patients]] with [[epistaxis]] is usually normal. | [[Extremities]] examination of [[Patient|patients]] with [[epistaxis]] is usually normal. | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 17:32, 25 October 2020
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Epistaxis Microchapters |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Epistaxis physical examination |
Editor in Chief:: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. , Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Amir Behzad Bagheri, M.D. , Liudvikas Jagminas, M.D., FACEP [1]
Overview
Patients with epistaxis are usually well-appearing. Physical examination of patients with epistaxis is usually remarkable for bleeding from nostrils and posterior nose bleeding.
Physical Examination
Physical examination of patients with epistaxis is usually remarkable for bleeding from nostrils and posterior nose bleeding.[1] [2] [3] [4]
Appearance of the Patient
Patients with epistaxis are usually well-appearing.
Vital Signs
Vital signs in patients with epistaxis are usually normal.
In heavy epistaxis patients may have hypotension and tachycardia due to hypovolemia.
Skin
Patients with epistaxis may have vascular malformation.
HEENT
- Evidence of septal perforation
- Evidence of trauma
- Discoloration of mucosa
Lungs
Lungs examination in patients with epistaxis is usually normal.
Abdomen
Abdomen examination in patients with epistaxis is usually normal.
Back
Back examination in patients with epistaxis is usually normal.
Genitourinary
Genitourinary examination in patients with epistaxis is usually normal.
Neuromuscular
Neuromuscular examination of patients with epistaxis is usually normal.
Extremities
Extremities examination of patients with epistaxis is usually normal.
References
- ↑ Beck, Rafael; Sorge, Martin; Schneider, Antonius; Dietz, Andreas (2018). "Current Approaches to Epistaxis Treatment in Primary and Secondary Care". Deutsches Aerzteblatt Online. doi:10.3238/arztebl.2018.0012. ISSN 1866-0452.
- ↑ El-Darouti, Mohammad Ali; Al-Ali, Faiza Mohamed (2019). "Epistaxis with Vascular Papules of Skin and Mouth": 479–483. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-21855-3_63.
- ↑ Krulewitz, Neil Alexander; Fix, Megan Leigh (2019). "Epistaxis". Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America. 37 (1): 29–39. doi:10.1016/j.emc.2018.09.005. ISSN 0733-8627.
- ↑ Tunkel, David E.; Anne, Samantha; Payne, Spencer C.; Ishman, Stacey L.; Rosenfeld, Richard M.; Abramson, Peter J.; Alikhaani, Jacqueline D.; Benoit, Margo McKenna; Bercovitz, Rachel S.; Brown, Michael D.; Chernobilsky, Boris; Feldstein, David A.; Hackell, Jesse M.; Holbrook, Eric H.; Holdsworth, Sarah M.; Lin, Kenneth W.; Lind, Meredith Merz; Poetker, David M.; Riley, Charles A.; Schneider, John S.; Seidman, Michael D.; Vadlamudi, Venu; Valdez, Tulio A.; Nnacheta, Lorraine C.; Monjur, Taskin M. (2020). "Clinical Practice Guideline: Nosebleed (Epistaxis)". Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery. 162 (1_suppl): S1–S38. doi:10.1177/0194599819890327. ISSN 0194-5998.