Choledocholithiasis differential diagnosis: Difference between revisions
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*Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction | *Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction | ||
*Functional gallbladder disorder. <ref name="pmid28722990">{{cite journal| author=| title=StatPearls | journal= | year= 2020 | volume= | issue= | pages= | pmid=28722990 | doi= | pmc= | url= }} </ref> | *Functional gallbladder disorder. <ref name="pmid28722990">{{cite journal| author=| title=StatPearls | journal= | year= 2020 | volume= | issue= | pages= | pmid=28722990 | doi= | pmc= | url= }} </ref> | ||
<span style="font-size:85%">'''Abbreviations:''' | |||
'''[[RUQ]]'''= Right upper quadrant of the abdomen, '''LUQ'''= Left upper quadrant, '''LLQ'''= Left lower quadrant, '''RLQ'''= Right lower quadrant, '''LFT'''= Liver function test, SIRS= [[Systemic inflammatory response syndrome]], '''[[ERCP]]'''= [[Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography]], '''IV'''= Intravenous, '''N'''= Normal, '''AMA'''= Anti mitochondrial antibodies, '''[[LDH]]'''= [[Lactate dehydrogenase]], '''GI'''= Gastrointestinal, '''CXR'''= Chest X ray, '''IgA'''= [[Immunoglobulin A]], '''IgG'''= [[Immunoglobulin G]], '''IgM'''= [[Immunoglobulin M]], '''CT'''= [[Computed tomography]], '''[[PMN]]'''= Polymorphonuclear cells, '''[[ESR]]'''= [[Erythrocyte sedimentation rate]], '''[[CRP]]'''= [[C-reactive protein]], TS= [[Transferrin saturation]], SF= Serum [[Ferritin]], SMA= [[Superior mesenteric artery]], SMV= [[Superior mesenteric vein]], ECG= [[Electrocardiogram]], US = [[Ultrasound]]</span> | |||
<small><small> | |||
{| align="center" | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px;" align="center" | |||
! colspan="3" rowspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Classification of pain in the abdomen based on etiology | |||
! rowspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Disease | |||
| colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |'''Clinical manifestations''' | |||
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Diagnosis | |||
! rowspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Comments | |||
|- | |||
| colspan="9" rowspan="1" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |'''Symptoms''' | |||
! colspan="4" rowspan="1" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" | Signs | |||
|- | |||
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Abdominal Pain | |||
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" | Fever | |||
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Rigors and chills | |||
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Nausea or vomiting | |||
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Jaundice | |||
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Constipation | |||
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Diarrhea | |||
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Weight loss | |||
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |GI bleeding | |||
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Hypo- | |||
tension | |||
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" | Guarding | |||
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Rebound Tenderness | |||
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Bowel sounds | |||
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" | Lab Findings | |||
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Imaging | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="17" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Abdominal causes | |||
! rowspan="16" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |Inflammatory causes | |||
! rowspan="6" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |Pancreato-biliary disorders | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" | [[Acute cholecystitis|Acute cholecystitis]] | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | [[RUQ]] | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | − | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |<nowiki>+</nowiki> | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |− | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | − | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |− | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | − | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | − | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | − | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | − | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Hypoactive | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" | | |||
* [[Hyperbilirubinemia]] | |||
* [[Leukocytosis]] | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Ultrasound shows: | |||
* Gallstone | |||
* Inflammation | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" | | |||
* [[Murphy's sign|Murphy’s sign]] | |||
|- | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |Acute suppurative cholangitis | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[RUQ]] | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | − | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | − | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | − | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | − | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |N | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" | | |||
*Abnormal [[LFT]] | |||
*WBC >10,000 | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" | | |||
* Ultrasound shows [[biliary]] dilatation/stents/tumor | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" | | |||
* Septic shock occurs with features of [[SIRS]] | |||
|- | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" | [[Cholangitis|Acute cholangitis]] | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | [[RUQ]] | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | − | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |− | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |− | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | − | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |− | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | − | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | − | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | − | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | − | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |N | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" | | |||
* Abnormal [[LFT]] | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" | | |||
* Ultrasound shows [[biliary]] dilatation/stents/tumor | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" | | |||
* Biliary drainage ([[Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography|ERCP]]) + IV antibiotics | |||
|- | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Cholelithiasis]] | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[RUQ]]/[[Epigastric]] | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ± | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | − | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ± | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ± | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | − | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | − | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | − | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | − | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | − | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | − | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | − | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Normal to hyperactive for dislodged stone | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" | | |||
* [[Leukocytosis]] | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" | | |||
* Ultrasound shows [[gallstone]] | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" | | |||
* Fatty food intolerance | |||
|- | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Primary biliary cirrhosis]] | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[RUQ]]/[[Epigastric]] | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | − | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | − | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |− | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |− | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | − | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |− | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | − | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | − | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | − | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | − | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |N | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" | | |||
* Increased AMA level, abnormal [[LFTs]] | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" | | |||
* ERCP | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" | | |||
* Pruritis | |||
|- | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Primary sclerosing cholangitis]] | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[RUQ]] | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | − | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |− | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |− | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | − | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |− | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | − | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | − | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | − | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | − | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |N | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" | | |||
* Increased liver enzymes | |||
* Increased [[IgM]], [[IgG]]4 | |||
* [[Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody]] ([[p-ANCA]]) | |||
* [[Anti-nuclear antibody]] ([[ANA]]) | |||
* [[Anti-smooth muscle antibody]] (Anti-Sm) | |||
* Anti-endothelial antibody | |||
* Anti-cardiolipin antibody | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |ERCP and MRCP shows | |||
* Multiple segmental [[strictures]] | |||
* Mural irregularities | |||
* [[Biliary]] dilatation and diverticula | |||
* Distortion of biliary tree | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" | | |||
* The risk of [[cholangiocarcinoma]] in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis is 400 times higher than the risk in the general population. | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="8" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |Hepatic causes | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Acute Hepatitis|Viral hepatitis]] | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[RUQ]] | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | − | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |<nowiki>+</nowiki> | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | − | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Positive in Hep A and E | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |<nowiki>+</nowiki> | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | − | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Positive in fulminant hepatitis | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Positive in acute | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |N | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" | | |||
* Abnormal LFTs | |||
* Viral serology | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" | | |||
* US | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" | | |||
* Hep A and E have fecal-oral route of transmission | |||
* Hep B and C transmits via blood transfusion and sexual contact. | |||
|- | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Liver abscess]] | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |RUQ | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |<nowiki>+</nowiki> | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | − | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ± | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |<nowiki>+</nowiki> | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | − | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ± | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Normal or hypoactive | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" | | |||
* CBC | |||
* Blood cultures | |||
* Abnormal [[Liver function test|liver function tests]] | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" | | |||
* US | |||
* CT | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" | | |||
|- | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Hepatocellular carcinoma]]/[[Metastasis]] | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |RUQ | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | − | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | − | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | − | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | − | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |<nowiki>+</nowiki> | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | − | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | − | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | − | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | − | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" | | |||
* Normal | |||
* Hyperactive if obstruction present | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" | | |||
* High levels of [[Alpha-fetoprotein|AFP]] in serum | |||
* Abnormal [[Liver function test|liver function tests]] | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" | | |||
* US | |||
* CT | |||
* Liver biopsy | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" | | |||
Other symptoms: | |||
* [[Splenomegaly]] | |||
* [[Variceal bleeding]] | |||
* [[Ascites]] | |||
* [[Spider nevi]] | |||
* [[Asterixis]] | |||
|- | |||
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Disease | |||
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Abdominal Pain | |||
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Fever | |||
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Rigors and chills | |||
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Nausea or vomiting | |||
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Jaundice | |||
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Constipation | |||
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Diarrhea | |||
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Weight loss | |||
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |GI bleeding | |||
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Hypo- | |||
tension | |||
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Guarding | |||
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Rebound Tenderness | |||
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Bowel sounds | |||
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Lab Findings | |||
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Imaging | |||
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Comments | |||
|- | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Budd-Chiari syndrome|Budd-Chiari syndrome]] | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[RUQ]] | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ± | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | − | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | − | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ± | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | − | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | − | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | − | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Positive in liver failure leading to varices | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | − | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | − | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | − | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |N | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" | | |||
*Elevated [[Aspartate aminotransferase|serum aspartate aminotransferase]] and [[alanine aminotransferase]] levels may be more than five times the upper limit of the normal range. | |||
*Elevated serum [[alkaline phosphatase]] and [[Bilirubin|bilirubin levels]], decreased [[Albumin|serum albumin level]]. | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" | | |||
{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px;" align="center" | |||
|- | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Findings on [[CT scan]] suggestive of Budd-Chiari syndrome include: | |||
*Early enhancement of the [[caudate lobe]] and [[central liver]] around the [[Inferior vena cavae|inferior vena cava]] | |||
*Delayed enhancement of the peripheral [[liver]] with accompanying central low density (flip-flop appearance) | |||
*Peripheral zones of the [[liver]] show reversed [[portal]] [[venous]] [[blood flow]] | |||
*In the [[chronic]] phase, there is [[caudate lobe]] enlargement and [[atrophy]] of the [[Liver|peripheral liver]] in affected areas | |||
|} | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |[[Ascitic tap|Ascitic fluid examination]] shows: | |||
*[[Total protein]] more than 2.5 g per deciliter | |||
*[[White blood cells]] are usually less than 500/μL. | |||
|- | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Hemochromatosis]] | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |RUQ | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | − | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | − | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | − | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | − | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | − | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | − | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | − | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Positive in cirrhotic patients | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | − | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | − | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | − | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |N | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" | | |||
* >60% TS | |||
* >240 μg/L SF | |||
* Raised LFT <br>Hyperglycemia | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" | | |||
* Ultrasound shows evidence of cirrhosis | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Extra intestinal findings: | |||
* Hyperpigmentation | |||
* Diabetes mellitus | |||
* Arthralgia | |||
* Impotence in males | |||
* Cardiomyopathy | |||
* Atherosclerosis | |||
* Hypopituitarism | |||
* Hypothyroidism | |||
* Extrahepatic cancer | |||
* Prone to specific infections | |||
|- | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Cirrhosis|Cirrhosis]] | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[RUQ]] | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | − | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | − | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | − | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | − | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | − | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |<nowiki>+</nowiki> | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | − | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | − | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |N | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" | | |||
* [[Hypoalbuminemia]] | |||
* Prolonged PT | |||
* Abnormal LFTs | |||
* [[Hyponatremia]] | |||
* [[Thrombocytopenia]] | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |US | |||
* Nodular, shrunken liver | |||
* [[Ascites]] | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" | | |||
* Stigmata of liver disease | |||
* Cruveilhier- Baumgarten murmur | |||
|- | |||
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Disease | |||
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Abdominal Pain | |||
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Fever | |||
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Rigors and chills | |||
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Nausea or vomiting | |||
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Jaundice | |||
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Constipation | |||
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Diarrhea | |||
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Weight loss | |||
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |GI bleeding | |||
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Hypo- | |||
tension | |||
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Guarding | |||
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Rebound Tenderness | |||
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Bowel sounds | |||
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Lab Findings | |||
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Imaging | |||
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Comments | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |Intestinal causes | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Acute appendicitis]] | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Starts in [[epigastrium]], migrates to RLQ | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Positive in pyogenic appendicitis | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |<nowiki>+</nowiki> | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | − | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |− | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ± | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |− | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | − | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Positive in perforated appendicitis | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Hypoactive | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" | | |||
* [[Leukocytosis]] | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" | | |||
* Ct scan | |||
* Ultrasound | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" | | |||
* Positive Rovsing sign | |||
* Positive Obturator sign | |||
* Positive Iliopsoas sign | |||
|- | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Irritable bowel syndrome]] | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Diffuse | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | − | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | − | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | − | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | − | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ± | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ± | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |<nowiki>+</nowiki> | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | − | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | − | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | − | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | − | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |N | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Normal | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Normal | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Symptomatic treatment | |||
* High [[dietary fiber]] | |||
* [[Osmotic]] [[laxatives]] | |||
* [[Antispasmodic]] drugs | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" | Hollow Viscous Obstruction | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Biliary colic]] | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |RUQ | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | − | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | − | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |<nowiki>+</nowiki> | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | − | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | − | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | − | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | − | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | − | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | − | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | − | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |N | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" | | |||
* ↑ [[bilirubin]] and [[alkaline phosphatase]] | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" | | |||
* Ultrasound | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" | | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Extra-abdominal causes | |||
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |Pulmonary causes | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" " |[[Pulmonary embolism]] | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |RUQ/LUQ | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ± | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | − | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | − | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | − | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | − | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | − | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | − | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | − | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ± | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | − | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | − | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |N | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" | | |||
* ABGs | |||
* D-dimer | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" | | |||
* CXR | |||
* V/Q scan | |||
* Spiral [[CT pulmonary angiogram]] | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" | | |||
* Dyspnea | |||
* Tachycardia | |||
* Pleuretic chest pain | |||
|- | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Pneumonia]] | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |RUQ/LUQ | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |<nowiki>+</nowiki> | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | − | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | − | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ± | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | − | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | − | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | − | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | − | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Normal or hypoactive | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" | | |||
* ABGs | |||
* Leukocytosis | |||
* Pancytopenia | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" | | |||
*CXR | |||
*CT chest | |||
*Bronchoscopy | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" | | |||
* Shortness of breath | |||
* Cough | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
|} | |||
==References== | ==References== |
Revision as of 04:40, 29 December 2020
Choledocholithiasis Microchapters |
Diagnosis |
---|
Treatment |
Case Studies |
Choledocholithiasis differential diagnosis On the Web |
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Choledocholithiasis differential diagnosis |
Risk calculators and risk factors for Choledocholithiasis differential diagnosis |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Adenike Eketunde
Overview
Choledocholithiasis must be differentiated from other diseases that cause jaundice, right upper quadrant pain, fever, nausea and vomiting, such as Cholecystitis, Perforated peptic ulcer, Acute peptic ulcer exacerbation, Amoebic liver abscess, Acute amoebic liver colitis, Acute pancreatitis, Acute intestinal obstruction, Renal colic, Acute retrocolic appendicitis.
Differentiating Choledocholithiasis from other Diseases
Choledocholithiasis must be differentiated from
- Cholecystitis
- Perforated peptic ulcer
- Acute peptic ulcer exacerbation
- Amoebic liver abscess
- Acute amoebic liver colitis
- Acute pancreatitis
- Acute intestinal obstruction
- Renal colic
- Acute retrocolic appendicitis
- Bile duct cancer
- Klatskin tumor
- Bile duct stricture
- Choledochal cyst
- Peptic ulcer disease
- Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction
- Functional gallbladder disorder. [1]
Abbreviations: RUQ= Right upper quadrant of the abdomen, LUQ= Left upper quadrant, LLQ= Left lower quadrant, RLQ= Right lower quadrant, LFT= Liver function test, SIRS= Systemic inflammatory response syndrome, ERCP= Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, IV= Intravenous, N= Normal, AMA= Anti mitochondrial antibodies, LDH= Lactate dehydrogenase, GI= Gastrointestinal, CXR= Chest X ray, IgA= Immunoglobulin A, IgG= Immunoglobulin G, IgM= Immunoglobulin M, CT= Computed tomography, PMN= Polymorphonuclear cells, ESR= Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, CRP= C-reactive protein, TS= Transferrin saturation, SF= Serum Ferritin, SMA= Superior mesenteric artery, SMV= Superior mesenteric vein, ECG= Electrocardiogram, US = Ultrasound
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