Personality disorder pathophysiology

Personality disorder Microchapters
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ayesha Anwar, M.B.B.S[2]

Overview

The exact pathogenesis of [disease name] is not fully understood.

OR

It is thought that [disease name] is the result of / is mediated by / is produced by / is caused by either [hypothesis 1], [hypothesis 2], or [hypothesis 3].

OR

[Pathogen name] is usually transmitted via the [transmission route] route to the human host.

OR

Following transmission/ingestion, the [pathogen] uses the [entry site] to invade the [cell name] cell.

OR

[Disease or malignancy name] arises from [cell name]s, which are [cell type] cells that are normally involved in [function of cells].

OR

The progression to [disease name] usually involves the [molecular pathway].

OR

The pathophysiology of [disease/malignancy] depends on the histological subtype.

Pathophysiology

Physiology

The personality development is a dynamic process that starts early in life and continue to evolve and change when subjected to environmental factors and consequential events. It results in establishing an organised pattern of behaviours and attitudes which are unique to every individual.

The theories to explain personality development has been presented throughout time. Freud's Psychoanalytic Theory was the pioneer. As discussed in historical perspectives, it is based on ideas of the id, the ego and the superego. The interaction and conflict among these is responsible for the creating the personality in an individual. He also proposed five stages of psychosexual development. Following it, new-Freudians (followers of Feud) elaborated the concept of Feud to formulate many new theories. However, the major problem was lack of ways to test the theories on wide variety of patients due to differences in dealings by different individuals and due to vague predictions made by it regarding defence mechanisms. Thus, it fails to pass empiricism. The five-factor theory/model is a remarkable widely-accepted model of personality development. It suggests personality constitutes of five traits; Conscientiousness, Agreeableness, Neuroticism, Openness to Experience, and Extraversion. Each personality trait is a spectrum and an individual can fall anywhere on this scale. The other trait theories just utilised binary values instead of a continuum. Each trait is influenced by genetic and environmental factors. The biological theories explain this as well.

Pathogenesis

• The exact pathogenesis of [disease name] is not completely understood.

OR

• It is understood that [disease name] is the result of / is mediated by / is produced by / is caused by either [hypothesis 1], [hypothesis 2], or [hypothesis 3].
• [Pathogen name] is usually transmitted via the [transmission route] route to the human host.
• Following transmission/ingestion, the [pathogen] uses the [entry site] to invade the [cell name] cell.
• [Disease or malignancy name] arises from [cell name]s, which are [cell type] cells that are normally involved in [function of cells].
• The progression to [disease name] usually involves the [molecular pathway].
• The pathophysiology of [disease/malignancy] depends on the histological subtype.

Genetics

[Disease name] is transmitted in [mode of genetic transmission] pattern.

OR

Genes involved in the pathogenesis of [disease name] include:

• [Gene1]
• [Gene2]
• [Gene3]

OR

The development of [disease name] is the result of multiple genetic mutations such as:

• [Mutation 1]
• [Mutation 2]
• [Mutation 3]

Associated Conditions

Conditions associated with [disease name] include:

• [Condition 1]
• [Condition 2]
• [Condition 3]

Gross Pathology

On gross pathology, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of [disease name].

Microscopic Pathology

On microscopic histopathological analysis, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of [disease name].