Atrial fibrillation hyperthyroidism: Difference between revisions

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*[[Atrial fibrillation]] occurs in 10% to 25% of [[patients]] with [[hyperthyroidism]].<ref name="pmid6734051">Clozel JP, Danchin N, Genton P, Thomas JL, Cherrier F (1984) [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=6734051 Effects of propranolol and of verapamil on heart rate and blood pressure in hyperthyroidism.] ''Clin Pharmacol Ther'' 36 (1):64-9. PMID: [http://pubmed.gov/6734051 6734051]</ref>  
*[[Atrial fibrillation]] occurs in 10% to 25% of [[patients]] with [[hyperthyroidism]].<ref name="pmid6734051">Clozel JP, Danchin N, Genton P, Thomas JL, Cherrier F (1984) [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=6734051 Effects of propranolol and of verapamil on heart rate and blood pressure in hyperthyroidism.] ''Clin Pharmacol Ther'' 36 (1):64-9. PMID: [http://pubmed.gov/6734051 6734051]</ref>  
*Based on another study 15% of [[patients]] with [[hyperthyroidism]] develop [[atrial fibrillation]] in comparison to 4% chance of [[atrial fibrillation]] development in normal population. It's [[incidence]] is also more common in [[males]] and among [[hyperthyroidism]] [[patients]] with [[hyperthyroidism|triiodothyronine (T3) toxicosis]].<ref name="pmid19341475">{{cite journal| author=Bielecka-Dabrowa A, Mikhailidis DP, Rysz J, Banach M| title=The mechanisms of atrial fibrillation in hyperthyroidism. | journal=Thyroid Res | year= 2009 | volume= 2 | issue= 1 | pages= 4 | pmid=19341475 | doi=10.1186/1756-6614-2-4 | pmc=2680813 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19341475  }} </ref>
*Based on another study 15% of [[patients]] with [[hyperthyroidism]] develop [[atrial fibrillation]] in comparison to 4% chance of [[atrial fibrillation]] development in normal population. It's [[incidence]] is also more common in [[males]] and among [[hyperthyroidism]] [[patients]] with [[hyperthyroidism|triiodothyronine (T3) toxicosis]].<ref name="pmid19341475">{{cite journal| author=Bielecka-Dabrowa A, Mikhailidis DP, Rysz J, Banach M| title=The mechanisms of atrial fibrillation in hyperthyroidism. | journal=Thyroid Res | year= 2009 | volume= 2 | issue= 1 | pages= 4 | pmid=19341475 | doi=10.1186/1756-6614-2-4 | pmc=2680813 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19341475  }} </ref>
*Subclinical [[hyperthyroidism]] increases the risk of [[atrial fibrillation]] up to 3 fold. <ref name="pmid19341475">{{cite journal| author=Bielecka-Dabrowa A, Mikhailidis DP, Rysz J, Banach M| title=The mechanisms of atrial fibrillation in hyperthyroidism. | journal=Thyroid Res | year= 2009 | volume= 2 | issue= 1 | pages= 4 | pmid=19341475 | doi=10.1186/1756-6614-2-4 | pmc=2680813 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19341475  }} </ref>
*Elevation of [[thyroid hormones]] in [[hyperthyroidism]] is responsible for [[chronotropic]] and [[dromotropic]] effects on [[heart]]. <ref name="pmid19341475">{{cite journal| author=Bielecka-Dabrowa A, Mikhailidis DP, Rysz J, Banach M| title=The mechanisms of atrial fibrillation in hyperthyroidism. | journal=Thyroid Res | year= 2009 | volume= 2 | issue= 1 | pages= 4 | pmid=19341475 | doi=10.1186/1756-6614-2-4 | pmc=2680813 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19341475  }} </ref>
*Numerous mechanisms have been explained about increased risk of [[atrial fibrillation]] among [[patients]] with [[hyperthyroidism]]. The following are some of the responsible mechanism:<ref name="pmid19341475">{{cite journal| author=Bielecka-Dabrowa A, Mikhailidis DP, Rysz J, Banach M| title=The mechanisms of atrial fibrillation in hyperthyroidism. | journal=Thyroid Res | year= 2009 | volume= 2 | issue= 1 | pages= 4 | pmid=19341475 | doi=10.1186/1756-6614-2-4 | pmc=2680813 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19341475  }} </ref>
**Increase in [[ventricle|left ventricular mass]] in addition to impaired [[ventricle|ventricular relaxation]] which lead to elevation of [[atrial|left atrial]] [[pressure]]
**[[Heart rate]] elevation and subsequent [[ischemia]]
**[[atrium|Atrial]] ectopic activity
*[[Atrial fibrillation]] in the setting of [[thyrotoxicosis]] has been shown to be associated with [[heart failure|decompensated heart failure]].<ref name="pmid2329232">Robinson K, Frenneaux MP, Stockins B, Karatasakis G, Poloniecki JD, McKenna WJ (1990) [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=2329232 Atrial fibrillation in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a longitudinal study.] ''J Am Coll Cardiol'' 15 (6):1279-85. PMID: [http://pubmed.gov/2329232 2329232]</ref><ref name="pmid1822968">Russell JW, Biller J, Hajduczok ZD, Jones MP, Kerber RE, Adams HP (1991) [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=1822968 Ischemic cerebrovascular complications and risk factors in idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis.] ''Stroke'' 22 (9):1143-7. PMID: [http://pubmed.gov/1822968 1822968]</ref><ref name="pmid7666571">Shigematsu Y, Hamada M, Mukai M, Matsuoka H, Sumimoto T, Hiwada K (1995) [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7666571 Mechanism of atrial fibrillation and increased incidence of thromboembolism in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.] ''Jpn Circ J'' 59 (6):329-36. PMID: [http://pubmed.gov/7666571 7666571]</ref>
*[[Atrial fibrillation]] in the setting of [[thyrotoxicosis]] has been shown to be associated with [[heart failure|decompensated heart failure]].<ref name="pmid2329232">Robinson K, Frenneaux MP, Stockins B, Karatasakis G, Poloniecki JD, McKenna WJ (1990) [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=2329232 Atrial fibrillation in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a longitudinal study.] ''J Am Coll Cardiol'' 15 (6):1279-85. PMID: [http://pubmed.gov/2329232 2329232]</ref><ref name="pmid1822968">Russell JW, Biller J, Hajduczok ZD, Jones MP, Kerber RE, Adams HP (1991) [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=1822968 Ischemic cerebrovascular complications and risk factors in idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis.] ''Stroke'' 22 (9):1143-7. PMID: [http://pubmed.gov/1822968 1822968]</ref><ref name="pmid7666571">Shigematsu Y, Hamada M, Mukai M, Matsuoka H, Sumimoto T, Hiwada K (1995) [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7666571 Mechanism of atrial fibrillation and increased incidence of thromboembolism in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.] ''Jpn Circ J'' 59 (6):329-36. PMID: [http://pubmed.gov/7666571 7666571]</ref>
*[[Beta blockers]] and [[CCB|non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers]] may be used to control [[ventricle|ventricular rate]].<ref name="pmid6734051">Clozel JP, Danchin N, Genton P, Thomas JL, Cherrier F (1984) [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=6734051 Effects of propranolol and of verapamil on heart rate and blood pressure in hyperthyroidism.] ''Clin Pharmacol Ther'' 36 (1):64-9. PMID: [http://pubmed.gov/6734051 6734051]</ref>
*[[Beta blockers]] and [[CCB|non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers]] may be used to control [[ventricle|ventricular rate]].<ref name="pmid6734051">Clozel JP, Danchin N, Genton P, Thomas JL, Cherrier F (1984) [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=6734051 Effects of propranolol and of verapamil on heart rate and blood pressure in hyperthyroidism.] ''Clin Pharmacol Ther'' 36 (1):64-9. PMID: [http://pubmed.gov/6734051 6734051]</ref>

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]; Varun Kumar, M.B.B.S.

Overview

Atrial Fibrillation and Hyperthyroidism

2014 AHA/ACC/HRS Guideline for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation (DO NOT EDIT)[7]

Class I
"1. Beta blockers are recommended to control ventricular rate in patients with atrial fibrillation complicating thyrotoxicosis unless contraindicated. (Level of Evidence: C)"
"2. In circumstances in which a beta blocker cannot be used, a nondihydropyridine calcium antagonist is recommended to control the ventricular rate. (Level of Evidence: C)"


2011 ACCF/AHA/HRS Focused Updates Incorporated Into the ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation (DO NOT EDIT)[8]

Hyperthyroidism (DO NOT EDIT) [8]

Class I
"1. Administration of a beta blocker is recommended to control the rate of ventricular response in patients with atrial fibrillation complicating thyrotoxicosis, unless contraindicated. (Level of Evidence: B)"
"2. In circumstances when a beta blocker cannot be used, administration of a nondihydropyridine calcium channel antagonist (diltiazem or verapamil) is recommended to control the ventricular rate in patients with atrial fibrillation and thyrotoxicosis. (Level of Evidence: B)"
"3. In patients with atrial fibrillation associated with thyrotoxicosis, oral anticoagulation (INR 2.0 to 3.0) is recommended to prevent thromboembolism, as recommended for atrial fibrillation patients with other risk factors for stroke. (Level of Evidence: C)"
"4. Once a euthyroid state is restored, recommendations for antithrombotic prophylaxis are the same as for patients without hyperthyroidism. (Level of Evidence: C)"

Sources

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Clozel JP, Danchin N, Genton P, Thomas JL, Cherrier F (1984) Effects of propranolol and of verapamil on heart rate and blood pressure in hyperthyroidism. Clin Pharmacol Ther 36 (1):64-9. PMID: 6734051
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Bielecka-Dabrowa A, Mikhailidis DP, Rysz J, Banach M (2009). "The mechanisms of atrial fibrillation in hyperthyroidism". Thyroid Res. 2 (1): 4. doi:10.1186/1756-6614-2-4. PMC 2680813. PMID 19341475.
  3. ↑ Robinson K, Frenneaux MP, Stockins B, Karatasakis G, Poloniecki JD, McKenna WJ (1990) Atrial fibrillation in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a longitudinal study. J Am Coll Cardiol 15 (6):1279-85. PMID: 2329232
  4. ↑ Russell JW, Biller J, Hajduczok ZD, Jones MP, Kerber RE, Adams HP (1991) Ischemic cerebrovascular complications and risk factors in idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis. Stroke 22 (9):1143-7. PMID: 1822968
  5. ↑ Shigematsu Y, Hamada M, Mukai M, Matsuoka H, Sumimoto T, Hiwada K (1995) Mechanism of atrial fibrillation and increased incidence of thromboembolism in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Jpn Circ J 59 (6):329-36. PMID: 7666571
  6. ↑ Hirsh J (1991) Oral anticoagulant drugs. N Engl J Med 324 (26):1865-75. DOI:10.1056/NEJM199106273242606 PMID: 1801769
  7. ↑ January, C. T.; Wann, L. S.; Alpert, J. S.; Calkins, H.; Cleveland, J. C.; Cigarroa, J. E.; Conti, J. B.; Ellinor, P. T.; Ezekowitz, M. D.; Field, M. E.; Murray, K. T.; Sacco, R. L.; Stevenson, W. G.; Tchou, P. J.; Tracy, C. M.; Yancy, C. W. (2014). "2014 AHA/ACC/HRS Guideline for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society". Circulation. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000000041. ISSN 0009-7322.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Fuster V, Rydén LE, Cannom DS, Crijns HJ, Curtis AB, Ellenbogen KA; et al. (2011). "2011 ACCF/AHA/HRS focused updates incorporated into the ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 Guidelines for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines developed in partnership with the European Society of Cardiology and in collaboration with the European Heart Rhythm Association and the Heart Rhythm Society". J Am Coll Cardiol. 57 (11): e101–98. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2010.09.013. PMID 21392637.
  9. ↑ Fuster V, Rydén LE, Cannom DS, Crijns HJ, Curtis AB, Ellenbogen KA et al. (2006) ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 Guidelines for the Management of Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 2001 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation): developed in collaboration with the European Heart Rhythm Association and the Heart Rhythm Society. Circulation 114 (7):e257-354. DOI:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.177292 PMID: 16908781
  10. ↑ Fuster V, Rydén LE, Cannom DS, Crijns HJ, Curtis AB, Ellenbogen KA et al. (2011) 2011 ACCF/AHA/HRS focused updates incorporated into the ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 guidelines for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on practice guidelines. Circulation 123 (10):e269-367. DOI:10.1161/CIR.0b013e318214876d PMID: 21382897
  11. ↑ Estes NA, Halperin JL, Calkins H, Ezekowitz MD, Gitman P, Go AS et al. (2008) ACC/AHA/Physician Consortium 2008 clinical performance measures for adults with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Performance Measures and the Physician Consortium for Performance Improvement (Writing Committee to Develop Clinical Performance Measures for Atrial Fibrillation): developed in collaboration with the Heart Rhythm Society. Circulation 117 (8):1101-20. DOI:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.187192 PMID: 18283199

CME Category::Cardiology

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