Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis causes: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
In the vast majority of cases, the causal pathogen is unknown. Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis is a clinical illness that can be roughly classified as encephalomyelitis with numerous inflammatory demyelination, autoimmune reasons, and a connection to a previous infection or vaccine. | In the vast majority of cases, the causal [[pathogen]] is unknown. [[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis case study one|Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis]] is a clinical illness that can be roughly classified as [[encephalomyelitis]] with numerous [[inflammatory]] [[demyelination]], [[autoimmune]] reasons, and a connection to a previous [[infection]] or [[vaccine]]. | ||
==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
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*Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a rare inflammatory demyelinating multifocal disease of the central nervous system that most commonly affects children after immunization or viral infections of respiratory or | *[[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis CT|Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis]] (ADEM) is a rare [[inflammatory]] [[demyelinating]] multifocal disease of the [[central nervous system]] that most commonly affects children after [[immunization]] or [[viral infections]] of [[respiratory]] or [[Gastrointestinal tract|gastrointestina]]<nowiki/>l tracts or [[bacterial]] [[pathogens]] and carries a high risk of [[neurological]] [[sequelae]] if not treated promptly.<ref name="pmid30753808">{{cite journal| author=Alves JM, Marques IB, Gil-Gouveia R| title=[Vaccination Controversies: An Adult Case of Post-Vaccinal Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis]. | journal=Acta Med Port | year= 2019 | volume= 32 | issue= 1 | pages= 81-85 | pmid=30753808 | doi=10.20344/amp.9809 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=30753808 }}</ref><ref name="pmid15580467">{{cite journal| author=Stüve O, Nessler S, Hartung HP, Hemmer B, Wiendl H, Kieseier BC| title=[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. Pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis]. | journal=Nervenarzt | year= 2005 | volume= 76 | issue= 6 | pages= 701-7 | pmid=15580467 | doi=10.1007/s00115-004-1842-0 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15580467 }}</ref> | ||
*Common viral causes are cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, herpes simplex virus, human herpes | *Common [[viral]] causes are [[cytomegalovirus]], [[Epstein-Barr virus]], [[herpes simplex virus]], [[Human herpes virus 6|human herpes virus]]-6, [[influenza virus]], [[hepatitis A]], human [[immunodeficiency]] virus, and [[mycoplasma pneumonia]].<ref name="pmid30753808">{{cite journal| author=Alves JM, Marques IB, Gil-Gouveia R| title=[Vaccination Controversies: An Adult Case of Post-Vaccinal Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis]. | journal=Acta Med Port | year= 2019 | volume= 32 | issue= 1 | pages= 81-85 | pmid=30753808 | doi=10.20344/amp.9809 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=30753808 }} </ref> | ||
*Common bacterial pathogens associated are Leptospira, beta-hemolytic streptococci, and Borrelia burgdorferi. | *Common [[bacterial]] pathogens associated are [[Leptospira]], [[beta-hemolytic streptococci]], and [[Borrelia burgdorferi]]. | ||
*The rabies vaccine was the first vaccine to be linked to acute disseminated encephalomyelitis <ref name="pmid30730236">{{cite journal| author=Rossor T, Benetou C, Wright S, Duignan S, Lascelles K, Robinson R | display-authors=etal| title=Early predictors of epilepsy and subsequent relapse in children with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. | journal=Mult Scler | year= 2020 | volume= 26 | issue= 3 | pages= 333-342 | pmid=30730236 | doi=10.1177/1352458518823486 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=30730236 }}</ref> | *The [[rabies vaccine]] was the first [[vaccine]] to be linked to [[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis case study one|acute disseminated encephalomyelitis]] <ref name="pmid30730236">{{cite journal| author=Rossor T, Benetou C, Wright S, Duignan S, Lascelles K, Robinson R | display-authors=etal| title=Early predictors of epilepsy and subsequent relapse in children with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. | journal=Mult Scler | year= 2020 | volume= 26 | issue= 3 | pages= 333-342 | pmid=30730236 | doi=10.1177/1352458518823486 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=30730236 }}</ref> | ||
*Measles, pertussis, tetanus, influenza, hepatitis B, diphtheria, rubella, pneumococcus, varicella, smallpox, human papillomavirus, and poliomyelitis vaccines are among the less usually associated immunizations.<ref name="pmid30683508">{{cite journal| author=Torisu H, Okada K| title=Vaccination-associated acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. | journal=Vaccine | year= 2019 | volume= 37 | issue= 8 | pages= 1126-1129 | pmid=30683508 | doi=10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.01.021 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=30683508 }}</ref> | *[[Measles]], [[pertussis]], [[tetanus]], [[influenza]], [[hepatitis B]], [[diphtheria]], [[rubella]], [[pneumococcus]], [[varicella]], [[smallpox]], [[human papillomavirus]], and [[poliomyelitis]] [[vaccines]] are among the less usually associated [[Immunization|immunizations]].<ref name="pmid30683508">{{cite journal| author=Torisu H, Okada K| title=Vaccination-associated acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. | journal=Vaccine | year= 2019 | volume= 37 | issue= 8 | pages= 1126-1129 | pmid=30683508 | doi=10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.01.021 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=30683508 }}</ref> | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 21:18, 15 December 2021
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Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis Microchapters |
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Differentiating Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis from other Diseases |
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Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis causes On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis causes |
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Directions to Hospitals Treating Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis causes |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Shameera Shaik Masthan MBBS, DLO, DNB[2]
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Overview
In the vast majority of cases, the causal pathogen is unknown. Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis is a clinical illness that can be roughly classified as encephalomyelitis with numerous inflammatory demyelination, autoimmune reasons, and a connection to a previous infection or vaccine.
Causes
- Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a rare inflammatory demyelinating multifocal disease of the central nervous system that most commonly affects children after immunization or viral infections of respiratory or gastrointestinal tracts or bacterial pathogens and carries a high risk of neurological sequelae if not treated promptly.[1][2]
- Common viral causes are cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, herpes simplex virus, human herpes virus-6, influenza virus, hepatitis A, human immunodeficiency virus, and mycoplasma pneumonia.[1]
- Common bacterial pathogens associated are Leptospira, beta-hemolytic streptococci, and Borrelia burgdorferi.
- The rabies vaccine was the first vaccine to be linked to acute disseminated encephalomyelitis [3]
- Measles, pertussis, tetanus, influenza, hepatitis B, diphtheria, rubella, pneumococcus, varicella, smallpox, human papillomavirus, and poliomyelitis vaccines are among the less usually associated immunizations.[4]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Alves JM, Marques IB, Gil-Gouveia R (2019). "[Vaccination Controversies: An Adult Case of Post-Vaccinal Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis]". Acta Med Port. 32 (1): 81–85. doi:10.20344/amp.9809. PMID 30753808.
- ↑ Stüve O, Nessler S, Hartung HP, Hemmer B, Wiendl H, Kieseier BC (2005). "[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. Pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis]". Nervenarzt. 76 (6): 701–7. doi:10.1007/s00115-004-1842-0. PMID 15580467.
- ↑ Rossor T, Benetou C, Wright S, Duignan S, Lascelles K, Robinson R; et al. (2020). "Early predictors of epilepsy and subsequent relapse in children with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis". Mult Scler. 26 (3): 333–342. doi:10.1177/1352458518823486. PMID 30730236.
- ↑ Torisu H, Okada K (2019). "Vaccination-associated acute disseminated encephalomyelitis". Vaccine. 37 (8): 1126–1129. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.01.021. PMID 30683508.