Eczema natural history, complications and prognosis: Difference between revisions
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** 92,642 [[children]] participants with [[eczema]] in a [[cross-sectional study]] were observed to have a two-fold increase in having an [[attention deficit hyperactivity disorder]] ([[ADHD]]). <ref name="pmidhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2012.10.041">{{cite journal| author=Schmoldt A, Benthe HF, Haberland G| title=Digitoxin metabolism by rat liver microsomes. | journal=Biochem Pharmacol | year= 1975 | volume= 24 | issue= 17 | pages= 1639-41 | pmid=https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2012.10.041 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10 }} </ref> <ref name="pmidhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2012.09.017">{{cite journal| author=Schmoldt A, Benthe HF, Haberland G| title=Digitoxin metabolism by rat liver microsomes. | journal=Biochem Pharmacol | year= 1975 | volume= 24 | issue= 17 | pages= 1639-41 | pmid=https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2012.09.017 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10 }} </ref> | ** 92,642 [[children]] participants with [[eczema]] in a [[cross-sectional study]] were observed to have a two-fold increase in having an [[attention deficit hyperactivity disorder]] ([[ADHD]]). <ref name="pmidhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2012.10.041">{{cite journal| author=Schmoldt A, Benthe HF, Haberland G| title=Digitoxin metabolism by rat liver microsomes. | journal=Biochem Pharmacol | year= 1975 | volume= 24 | issue= 17 | pages= 1639-41 | pmid=https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2012.10.041 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10 }} </ref> <ref name="pmidhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2012.09.017">{{cite journal| author=Schmoldt A, Benthe HF, Haberland G| title=Digitoxin metabolism by rat liver microsomes. | journal=Biochem Pharmacol | year= 1975 | volume= 24 | issue= 17 | pages= 1639-41 | pmid=https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2012.09.017 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10 }} </ref> | ||
**A higher [[incidence rate]] of [[anxiety disorders]] in [[adolescence]] is observed. These include [[generalized anxiety disorder]] and [[social anxiety disorder]]. <ref name="pmidhttps://doi.org/10.1177/1203475416685078">{{cite journal| author=Schmoldt A, Benthe HF, Haberland G| title=Digitoxin metabolism by rat liver microsomes. | journal=Biochem Pharmacol | year= 1975 | volume= 24 | issue= 17 | pages= 1639-41 | pmid=https://doi.org/10.1177/1203475416685078 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10 }} </ref> | **A higher [[incidence rate]] of [[anxiety disorders]] in [[adolescence]] is observed. These include [[generalized anxiety disorder]] and [[social anxiety disorder]]. <ref name="pmidhttps://doi.org/10.1177/1203475416685078">{{cite journal| author=Schmoldt A, Benthe HF, Haberland G| title=Digitoxin metabolism by rat liver microsomes. | journal=Biochem Pharmacol | year= 1975 | volume= 24 | issue= 17 | pages= 1639-41 | pmid=https://doi.org/10.1177/1203475416685078 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10 }} </ref> | ||
**The [[elderly people]] with [[eczema]] are the most commonly affected with depression. <ref name="pmidhttps://doi.org/10.1177/1203475416685078">{{cite journal| author=Schmoldt A, Benthe HF, Haberland G| title=Digitoxin metabolism by rat liver microsomes. | journal=Biochem Pharmacol | year= 1975 | volume= 24 | issue= 17 | pages= 1639-41 | pmid=https://doi.org/10.1177/1203475416685078 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10 }} </ref> | **The [[elderly people]] with [[eczema]] are the most commonly affected with [[depression]]. <ref name="pmidhttps://doi.org/10.1177/1203475416685078">{{cite journal| author=Schmoldt A, Benthe HF, Haberland G| title=Digitoxin metabolism by rat liver microsomes. | journal=Biochem Pharmacol | year= 1975 | volume= 24 | issue= 17 | pages= 1639-41 | pmid=https://doi.org/10.1177/1203475416685078 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10 }} </ref> | ||
*Table 1 presents the associated [[comorbidities]] and [[complications]] of [[eczema]]. | *Table 1 presents the associated [[comorbidities]] and [[complications]] of [[eczema]]. | ||
Revision as of 16:23, 10 June 2022
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1], Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Edzel Lorraine Co, D.M.D., M.D.
Overview
Eczema has regarded as a medical condition with a natural history that occurs consistently. It is characterized as a disease with an early onset, mostly during the childhood period, and remits during the adolescence period. [1] If eczema is left untreated, it can lead to viral, bacterial and fungal infections. Psychological problems could also arise brought about by constant itching.
Eczema Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis
Natural History
- Eczema has regarded as a medical condition with a natural history that occurs consistently.
- It is characterized as a disease with an early onset, mostly during the childhood period, and remits during the adolescence period. [1]
Comorbidities
- Individuals suffering from eczema often have comorbidities like asthma[2], allergic rhinitis [3], contact dermatitis [4], and food allergy [5].
- Eczema is also associated with metabolic problems such as obesity. [6]
Complications
- Eczema can lead to viral, bacterial and fungal infections.
- Psychological problems could also arise brought about by constant itching.
- 92,642 children participants with eczema in a cross-sectional study were observed to have a two-fold increase in having an attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). [7] [8]
- A higher incidence rate of anxiety disorders in adolescence is observed. These include generalized anxiety disorder and social anxiety disorder. [9]
- The elderly people with eczema are the most commonly affected with depression. [9]
- Table 1 presents the associated comorbidities and complications of eczema.
Complications | Description |
---|---|
Bacterial Infections | Staphylococcus aureus[10][11] and Methicillin-resistant S. aureus colonization. [12] [13] [14] |
Viral Infections | Eczema herpeticum [15], herpes simplex virus [16], and Molluscum contagiosum [17]. |
Fungal Infections | Tinea [16] |
Psychological | Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and speech disorders. [18] [19] |
Prognosis
- Hand eczema has poor prognosis with accounted 44% manifestation of symptoms in a 15-year follow-up study. [20]
- In another study, complete healing was only observed among 19.3% of the patients after a 5-year follow-up. [21]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Schmoldt A, Benthe HF, Haberland G (1975). "Digitoxin metabolism by rat liver microsomes". Biochem Pharmacol. 24 (17): 1639–41. PMID https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2017.09.044 Check
|pmid=
value (help). - ↑ Schmoldt A, Benthe HF, Haberland G (1975). "Digitoxin metabolism by rat liver microsomes". Biochem Pharmacol. 24 (17): 1639–41. PMID https://doi.org/10.1016/j.it.2007.04.007 Check
|pmid=
value (help). - ↑ Schmoldt A, Benthe HF, Haberland G (1975). "Digitoxin metabolism by rat liver microsomes". Biochem Pharmacol. 24 (17): 1639–41. PMID https://doi.org/10.4168/aair.2011.3.2.67 Check
|pmid=
value (help). - ↑ Schmoldt A, Benthe HF, Haberland G (1975). "Digitoxin metabolism by rat liver microsomes". Biochem Pharmacol. 24 (17): 1639–41. PMID https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0536.1990.tb01595.x Check
|pmid=
value (help). - ↑ Schmoldt A, Benthe HF, Haberland G (1975). "Digitoxin metabolism by rat liver microsomes". Biochem Pharmacol. 24 (17): 1639–41. PMID https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(81)92459-4 Check
|pmid=
value (help). - ↑ Schmoldt A, Benthe HF, Haberland G (1975). "Digitoxin metabolism by rat liver microsomes". Biochem Pharmacol. 24 (17): 1639–41. PMID https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2011.01.063 Check
|pmid=
value (help). - ↑ Schmoldt A, Benthe HF, Haberland G (1975). "Digitoxin metabolism by rat liver microsomes". Biochem Pharmacol. 24 (17): 1639–41. PMID https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2012.10.041 Check
|pmid=
value (help). - ↑ Schmoldt A, Benthe HF, Haberland G (1975). "Digitoxin metabolism by rat liver microsomes". Biochem Pharmacol. 24 (17): 1639–41. PMID https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2012.09.017 Check
|pmid=
value (help). - ↑ 9.0 9.1 Schmoldt A, Benthe HF, Haberland G (1975). "Digitoxin metabolism by rat liver microsomes". Biochem Pharmacol. 24 (17): 1639–41. PMID https://doi.org/10.1177/1203475416685078 Check
|pmid=
value (help). - ↑ Schmoldt A, Benthe HF, Haberland G (1975). "Digitoxin metabolism by rat liver microsomes". Biochem Pharmacol. 24 (17): 1639–41. PMID 10.1016/j.cyto.2014.11.023. doi: 10.1016/j.cyto.2014.11.023. Check
|pmid=
value (help). - ↑ Schmoldt A, Benthe HF, Haberland G (1975). "Digitoxin metabolism by rat liver microsomes". Biochem Pharmacol. 24 (17): 1639–41. PMID 10.2500/aap.2017.38.4005. doi: 10.2500/aap.2017.38.4005. Check
|pmid=
value (help). - ↑ Schmoldt A, Benthe HF, Haberland G (1975). "Digitoxin metabolism by rat liver microsomes". Biochem Pharmacol. 24 (17): 1639–41. PMID 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08905.x. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08905.x. Check
|pmid=
value (help). - ↑ Schmoldt A, Benthe HF, Haberland G (1975). "Digitoxin metabolism by rat liver microsomes". Biochem Pharmacol. 24 (17): 1639–41. PMID 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2010.09679.x. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2010.09679.x. Check
|pmid=
value (help). - ↑ Schmoldt A, Benthe HF, Haberland G (1975). "Digitoxin metabolism by rat liver microsomes". Biochem Pharmacol. 24 (17): 1639–41. PMID 10.1007/s12016-016-8548-5. doi: 10.1007/s12016-016-8548-5. Check
|pmid=
value (help). - ↑ Schmoldt A, Benthe HF, Haberland G (1975). "Digitoxin metabolism by rat liver microsomes". Biochem Pharmacol. 24 (17): 1639–41. PMID 10.1038/sj.jid.5700657. doi: 10.1038/sj.jid.5700657. Check
|pmid=
value (help). - ↑ 16.0 16.1 Schmoldt A, Benthe HF, Haberland G (1975). "Digitoxin metabolism by rat liver microsomes". Biochem Pharmacol. 24 (17): 1639–41. PMID 10.3390/jcm4050884. doi: 10.3390/jcm4050884. Check
|pmid=
value (help). - ↑ Schmoldt A, Benthe HF, Haberland G (1975). "Digitoxin metabolism by rat liver microsomes". Biochem Pharmacol. 24 (17): 1639–41. PMID http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cpha.2016.06.004. Check
|pmid=
value (help). - ↑ Schmoldt A, Benthe HF, Haberland G (1975). "Digitoxin metabolism by rat liver microsomes". Biochem Pharmacol. 24 (17): 1639–41. PMID 10.1111/bjd.14697. doi: 10.1111/bjd.14697. Check
|pmid=
value (help). - ↑ Schmoldt A, Benthe HF, Haberland G (1975). "Digitoxin metabolism by rat liver microsomes". Biochem Pharmacol. 24 (17): 1639–41. PMID 10.1016/j.jpeds.2015.09.066. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2015.09.066. Check
|pmid=
value (help). - ↑ Meding B, Wrangsjö K, Järvholm B (2005). "Fifteen-year follow-up of hand eczema: persistence and consequences". Br J Dermatol. 152 (5): 975–80. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.06494.x. PMID 15888155.
- ↑ Olesen CM, Agner T, Ebbehøj NE, Carøe TK (2019). "Factors influencing prognosis for occupational hand eczema: new trends". Br J Dermatol. 181 (6): 1280–1286. doi:10.1111/bjd.17870. PMID 30851194.