Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis pathophysiology: Difference between revisions
Replaced content with "__NOTOC__ {{Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis}} {{CMG}}; {{AE}} ==Overview== The exact mechanism of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis is not determined. However, it is usually preceded by an environmental trigger, e.g. an [infection]] or vaccination and affects individuals with a genetic predisposition. ==Pathophysiology== ==References== {{Reflist|2}} Category:Needs overview Category:Neurology {{WS}} {{WH}}" Tag: Replaced |
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The exact mechanism of [[acute]] [[disseminated]] [[encephalomyelitis]] is not determined. However, it is usually preceded by an environmental trigger, e.g. an [infection]] or [[vaccination]] and affects individuals with a [[genetic]] predisposition. | The exact mechanism of [[acute]] [[disseminated]] [[encephalomyelitis]] is not determined. However, it is usually preceded by an environmental trigger, e.g. an [infection]] or [[vaccination]] and affects individuals with a [[genetic]] predisposition. | ||
==Pathophysiology== | ==Pathophysiology<ref name="pmid30683508">{{cite journal| author=Torisu H, Okada K| title=Vaccination-associated acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. | journal=Vaccine | year= 2019 | volume= 37 | issue= 8 | pages= 1126-1129 | pmid=30683508 | doi=10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.01.021 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=30683508 }} </ref>== | ||
*[[Acute]] [[disseminated]] [[encephalomyelitis]] is described as an [[autoimmune]] disorder, resulting in [[central]] [[nervous]] system [[demyelination]]. | |||
Enviromental [[stimuli]] activate [[cellular]] and [[humoral]] responses which cross-react with [[myelin]] [[autoantigens]] namely, [[myelin]] basic [[protein]], [[myelin]] [[oligoendrocyte]] [[protein]], [[proteolipid]] [[protein]]. | |||
* In an alternative mechanism, post-[[vaccination]] and [[post-infective]] circulating [[immune]] [[complexes]] in the [[CNS]] give rise to an [[inflammatory]] reaction, resulting in increased [[vascular]] [[permeability]] and [[congestion]]. This disrupts the [[blood]]- [[brain]] barrier, allowing infiltration by [[antigens]] and [[mononuclear]] [[cells]]. They cause [[perivascular]] [[edema]] and [[hemorrhage]] which culminate in [[demyelination]], [[necrosis]] and [[gliosis]]. | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 17:45, 8 November 2022
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Overview
The exact mechanism of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis is not determined. However, it is usually preceded by an environmental trigger, e.g. an [infection]] or vaccination and affects individuals with a genetic predisposition.
Pathophysiology[1]
- Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis is described as an autoimmune disorder, resulting in central nervous system demyelination.
Enviromental stimuli activate cellular and humoral responses which cross-react with myelin autoantigens namely, myelin basic protein, myelin oligoendrocyte protein, proteolipid protein.
- In an alternative mechanism, post-vaccination and post-infective circulating immune complexes in the CNS give rise to an inflammatory reaction, resulting in increased vascular permeability and congestion. This disrupts the blood- brain barrier, allowing infiltration by antigens and mononuclear cells. They cause perivascular edema and hemorrhage which culminate in demyelination, necrosis and gliosis.
References
- ↑ Torisu H, Okada K (2019). "Vaccination-associated acute disseminated encephalomyelitis". Vaccine. 37 (8): 1126–1129. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.01.021. PMID 30683508.