Lung cancer epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions
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Eastern Europe has the highest lung cancer mortality among men, while northern Europe and the U.S. have the highest mortality among women. Lung cancer incidence is currently less common in developing countries.<ref>{{cite web | title =Gender in lung cancer and smoking research | publisher =World Health Organization | date =2004 | url =http://www.who.int/gender/documents/en/lungcancerlow.pdf| format = PDF | accessdate =2007-05-26 }}</ref> With increased smoking in developing countries, the incidence is expected to increase in the next few years, notably in China<ref>{{cite journal | last=Liu | first=BQ | coauthors=Peto R, Chen ZM et al. |title=Emerging tobacco hazards in China: 1. Retrospective proportional mortality study of one million deaths | journal=British Medical Journal | volume=317 | issue=7170 | pages=1411–1422 | date=Nov 1998 | url=http://www.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/317/7170/1411| pmid=9822393 | accessdate=2007-09-27 }}</ref> and India.<ref>{{cite journal | last=Behera | first=D | coauthors=Balamugesh T |title=Lung cancer in India | journal=Indian Journal of Chest Diseases and Allied Sciences | volume=46 | issue=4 | pages=269-281 |date=2004 | pmid=15515828 }}</ref> | Eastern Europe has the highest lung cancer mortality among men, while northern Europe and the U.S. have the highest mortality among women. Lung cancer incidence is currently less common in developing countries.<ref>{{cite web | title =Gender in lung cancer and smoking research | publisher =World Health Organization | date =2004 | url =http://www.who.int/gender/documents/en/lungcancerlow.pdf| format = PDF | accessdate =2007-05-26 }}</ref> With increased smoking in developing countries, the incidence is expected to increase in the next few years, notably in China<ref>{{cite journal | last=Liu | first=BQ | coauthors=Peto R, Chen ZM et al. |title=Emerging tobacco hazards in China: 1. Retrospective proportional mortality study of one million deaths | journal=British Medical Journal | volume=317 | issue=7170 | pages=1411–1422 | date=Nov 1998 | url=http://www.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/317/7170/1411| pmid=9822393 | accessdate=2007-09-27 }}</ref> and India.<ref>{{cite journal | last=Behera | first=D | coauthors=Balamugesh T |title=Lung cancer in India | journal=Indian Journal of Chest Diseases and Allied Sciences | volume=46 | issue=4 | pages=269-281 |date=2004 | pmid=15515828 }}</ref> | ||
==References== | ==References== |
Revision as of 15:06, 20 September 2011
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Kim-Son H. Nguyen, M.D., M.P.A., Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]
Overview
Worldwide, lung cancer is the most common cancer in terms of both incidence and mortality with 1.35 million new cases per year and 1.18 million deaths, with the highest rates in Europe and North America. The population segment most likely to develop lung cancer is over-fifties who have a history of smoking. Lung cancer is the second most commonly occurring form of cancer in most western countries, and it is the leading cancer-related cause of death. Although the rate of men dying from lung cancer is declining in western countries, it is actually increasing for women due to the increased takeup of smoking by this group. Among lifetime non-smokers, men have higher age-standardized lung cancer death rates than women.
Not all cases of lung cancer are due to smoking, but the role of passive smoking is increasingly being recognized as a risk factor for lung cancer, leading to policy interventions to decrease undesired exposure of non-smokers to others' tobacco smoke. Emissions from automobiles, factories and power plants also pose potential risks.[1]
Eastern Europe has the highest lung cancer mortality among men, while northern Europe and the U.S. have the highest mortality among women. Lung cancer incidence is currently less common in developing countries.[2] With increased smoking in developing countries, the incidence is expected to increase in the next few years, notably in China[3] and India.[4]
References
- ↑ Parent, ME (Jan 2007). "Exposure to diesel and gasoline engine emissions and the risk of lung cancer". American Journal of Epidemiology. 165 (1): 53–62. PMID 17062632. Unknown parameter
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ignored (help) - ↑ "Gender in lung cancer and smoking research" (PDF). World Health Organization. 2004. Retrieved 2007-05-26.
- ↑ Liu, BQ (Nov 1998). "Emerging tobacco hazards in China: 1. Retrospective proportional mortality study of one million deaths". British Medical Journal. 317 (7170): 1411–1422. PMID 9822393. Retrieved 2007-09-27. Unknown parameter
|coauthors=
ignored (help) - ↑ Behera, D (2004). "Lung cancer in India". Indian Journal of Chest Diseases and Allied Sciences. 46 (4): 269–281. PMID 15515828. Unknown parameter
|coauthors=
ignored (help)