Venous thromboembolism: Difference between revisions
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==Epidemiology== | ==Epidemiology== | ||
Annualy, more than 900,000 cases are reported to have clinicaly evident Venous thromboembolism. More than 300,000 deaths are attributed to pulmonary embolism in United states<ref name="pmid18296591">{{cite journal| author=Heit JA| title=The epidemiology of venous thromboembolism in the community. | journal=Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol | year= 2008 | volume= 28 | issue= 3 | pages= 370-2 | pmid=18296591 | doi=10.1161/ATVBAHA.108.162545 | pmc=PMC2873781 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18296591 }} </ref>. | Annualy, more than 900,000 cases are reported to have clinicaly evident Venous thromboembolism. More than 300,000 deaths are attributed to pulmonary embolism in United states<ref name="pmid18296591">{{cite journal| author=Heit JA| title=The epidemiology of venous thromboembolism in the community. | journal=Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol | year= 2008 | volume= 28 | issue= 3 | pages= 370-2| pmid=18296591 | doi=10.1161/ATVBAHA.108.162545 | pmc=PMC2873781 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18296591 }} </ref>. | ||
==Risk Factors== | ==Risk Factors== | ||
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|Age | |Age | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Body mass index | |Body mass index | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Smoking status | |Smoking status (non-smoker; ex-smoker; light, moderate, or heavy smoker) | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Townsend deprivation score | |Townsend deprivation score | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Varicose veins | |Varicose veins | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Congestive cardiac failure | |Congestive cardiac failure | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Rheumatoid arthritis | |Rheumatoid arthritis | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Chronic renal disease | |Chronic renal disease | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Inflammatory bowel disease | |Inflammatory bowel disease | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Cancer | |Cancer:(lung, gastrointestinal, pancreas, renal, breast, prostate, other) | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Recent hospital admission | |Recent hospital admission | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Recent hip fracture or hip surgery (or both) | |Recent hip fracture or hip surgery (or both) | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Current use of antipsychotic drugs | |Current use of [[antipsychotic]] drugs:(none, atypical, typical) | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Current use of tamoxifen | |Current use of [[tamoxifen]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Current use of hormone replacement therapy | |Current use of [[hormone replacement therapy]]: (none, equine or non-equine hormone replacement therapy) | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Use of antiplatelets | |Use of [[antiplatelets]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Cardiovascular disease | |Cardiovascular disease([[stroke]], [[transient ischaemic attack]], or [[coronary artery disease]]) | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Atrial fibrillation | |Atrial fibrillation | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Asthma | |Asthma | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | |[[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Family history of venous thromboembolism | |Family history of [[venous thromboembolism]] | ||
|} | |} | ||
Revision as of 17:52, 6 October 2011
Editors-in-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. Associate Editor-In-Chief: Ujjwal Rastogi, MBBS [1]
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Thrombosis Microchapters |
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Site of Thrombosis |
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Differentiating Thrombosis from other Diseases |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Venous thromboembolism On the Web |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Venous thromboembolism |
Overview
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a hypernym which includes Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). It is a major public health problem and one of the most common cause of preventable cause of death in hospital patients. It is the third most common cardiovascular disorder after coronary artery disease and stroke. It is frequently underestimated and misdiagnosed and failure to provide adequate prophylaxis and therapy can be fatal for the patient.
Classification Scheme
VTE includes DVT and PE, which are further divided into:
- Deep Venous Thrombosis: Its classified as
- Superficial
- Upper extremity
- Isolated Calf
- Proximal
- Pulmonary embolism:its classified as
- Silent
- Symptomatic
- Fatal
Epidemiology
Annualy, more than 900,000 cases are reported to have clinicaly evident Venous thromboembolism. More than 300,000 deaths are attributed to pulmonary embolism in United states[1].
Risk Factors
A group of researchers have postulated a risk-prediction algorithm for VTE, to start prophylaxis in patients at risk for VTE.[2].
This algorithm does not work in these conditions:
- History of venous thrombosis
- Family history of venous thrombosis.
- Pregnant patients
- Patients on Anticoagulations
- Symptoms suggestive of thrombosis.
The various variables are as follows
| Age |
| Body mass index |
| Smoking status (non-smoker; ex-smoker; light, moderate, or heavy smoker) |
| Townsend deprivation score |
| Varicose veins |
| Congestive cardiac failure |
| Rheumatoid arthritis |
| Chronic renal disease |
| Inflammatory bowel disease |
| Cancer:(lung, gastrointestinal, pancreas, renal, breast, prostate, other) |
| Recent hospital admission |
| Recent hip fracture or hip surgery (or both) |
| Current use of antipsychotic drugs:(none, atypical, typical) |
| Current use of tamoxifen |
| Current use of hormone replacement therapy: (none, equine or non-equine hormone replacement therapy) |
| Use of antiplatelets |
| Cardiovascular disease(stroke, transient ischaemic attack, or coronary artery disease) |
| Atrial fibrillation |
| Asthma |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
| Family history of venous thromboembolism |
To calculate the risk prediction click here
See also
- Venous thromboembolism: Under-recognized and under-treated
- Deep vein thrombosis
- Pulmonary embolism
- Thrombosis
References
- ↑ Heit JA (2008). "The epidemiology of venous thromboembolism in the community". Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 28 (3): 370–2. doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.108.162545. PMC 2873781. PMID 18296591.
- ↑ Hippisley-Cox J, Coupland C (2011). "Development and validation of risk prediction algorithm (QThrombosis) to estimate future risk of venous thromboembolism: prospective cohort study". BMJ. 343: d4656. doi:10.1136/bmj.d4656. PMC 3156826. PMID 21846713. line feed character in
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