Guillain-Barré syndrome epidemiology and demographics

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editors-In-Chief: Priyamvada Singh, MBBS [2]

Overview

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an acute, autoimmune, polyradiculoneuropathy affecting the peripheral nervous system, usually triggered by an acute infectious process. It is included in the wider group of peripheral neuropathies. There are several types of GBS, but unless otherwise stated, GBS refers to the most common form, acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP). It is frequently severe and usually exhibits as an ascending paralysis noted by weakness in the legs that spreads to the upper limbs and the face along with complete loss of deep tendon reflexes. With prompt treatment of plasmapheresis followed by immunoglobulins and supportive care, the majority of patients will regain full functional capacity. However, death may occur if severe pulmonary complications and dysautonomia are present.

Epidemiology and demographics

USA

• It is the commonest cause of acute, flaccid paralysis in USA.
• Incidence- 1.2 - 3 /100,000 persons

Age

• Incidence increases with age.
• Bimodal distribution - First peak during 15 - 35 yrs and second during old age.
• New-borns and infants have the least risks of development of GBS

Race

• Incidence is similar across different races.

Gender

• It occurs more commonly in males compared to females. Male to female ratio 1.5:1
• The incidence has been found to increase post partum and decreases during pregnancy