Aortic coarctation epidemiology and demographics

Aortic coarctation Microchapters
Home
Patient Information
Overview
Historical Perspective
Classification
Pathophysiology
Causes
Differentiating Aortic Coarctation from other Diseases
Epidemiology and Demographics
Risk Factors
Screening
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
Diagnosis
History and Symptoms
Physical Examination
Electrocardiogram
Chest X-Ray
CT
MRI
Angiography
Echocardiography
Treatment
Medical Therapy
Surgery
Primary Prevention
Secondary Prevention
Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy
Future or Investigational Therapies
Case Studies
Case #1
Aortic coarctation epidemiology and demographics On the Web
Most recent articles
Most cited articles
Review articles
CME Programs
Powerpoint slides
Images
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Aortic coarctation epidemiology and demographics All Images X-rays Echo & Ultrasound CT Images MRI
Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov
US National Guidelines Clearinghouse
NICE Guidance
FDA on Aortic coarctation epidemiology and demographics
CDC on Aortic coarctation epidemiology and demographics
Aortic coarctation epidemiology and demographics in the news
Blogs on Aortic coarctation epidemiology and demographics
Directions to Hospitals Treating Aortic coarctation
Risk calculators and risk factors for Aortic coarctation epidemiology and demographics

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2], Priyamvada Singh, M.B.B.S.[3]

Overview

Coarctation of the aorta is a common malformation. It occurs in about 7% of patients with congenital heart defects. It is more common in males than females with a ratio of 2:1. Up to 25% of patients with Turner syndrome have coarctation of the aorta. It is commoner in caucasians with approximately 7 times more cases in caucasians versus asian.

Epidemiology and demographics

United States of America

• Aortic coarctation is a common heart defect.
• It forms approximately 6-10% of all congenital heart disease cases.
• In live births, it accounts for approximately 5-7% of congenital heart disease in severely ill infants.

International

• Prevalence are lower in Asian countries compared to American and European countries

Mortality

• The mortality rate of aortic coarctation hinges primarily on the age of surgical intervention to repair the defect. Left untreated, less than 20% of untreated patients reach the age of 50. However, with surgical repair, mortality rates are far less severe.
• If repaired by the age of 14, the mortality rate for 20 years out post-surgery is 9% (a 91% survival rate).
• If repaired later than 14, the mortality rate is 11% (a 79% survival rate).
• In expectant mothers with a coarctation of the aorta, the maternal mortality rate ranges between 3-8%. Even with repair, there is a risk of developing complications during pregnancy.

Race

• Demographically, aortic coarctation has a certain link to specific races.
• It is more common in Caucasians, with approximately 7 times more cases in Caucasians versus Asian.
• The incidence has also been noted, in some populations, to be lower in Native American races than Caucasians.

Gender

• It is more common in males than females with a ratio of 2:1 and a prevalence of 2-5 times occurring more frequently in males than females.

Age

• The diagnosis is often missed in first year of life.
• Generally, patients with coarctation of the aorta present early in life with congestive heart failure or later in life with hypertension.

Genetics

• Aortic coarctation, like many congenital heart diseases, is more common in patients with other genetic conditions.
• As many as 10-25% of patients with Turner syndrome have an accompanying coarctation of the aorta.

Other associated conditions

Cardiac

• Bicuspid aortic valve (associated to 30-40% of all cases)
• Ventricular septal defect
• Patent ductus arteriosus
• Mitral stenosis
• Aortic valve stenosis
• Aortic hypoplasia

Non-cardiac

• Intracerebral aneurysm