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==Overview==
==Overview==
The severity of [[aortic stenosis]] can be assessed by estimating both the pressure gradient across the valve and the surface area of the valve. The latter can be calculated using echocardiographic flow velocities and the trans-valvular pressure gradient can be calculated using the following equation: <blockquote>Pressure Gradient = 4 x (velocity of blood through the valve)<sup>2</sup> mmHg</blockquote>
The severity of [[aortic stenosis]] can be assessed by estimating both the pressure gradient across the valve and the surface area of the valve. The latter can be calculated using echocardiographic flow velocities and the trans-valvular pressure gradient can be calculated using the following equation: <blockquote>Pressure Gradient = 4 x (velocity of blood through the valve)<sup>2</sup> mmHg</blockquote>
==Cardiac Catheterization==
Simultaneous measurement of left ventricular '''output''' ''(measures the flow through the aortic valve)'' and the '''pressure gradient''' across the aortic valve provides the essential variables that is required to calculate the aortic valve area and resistance.<ref>Hirshfeld JW, Kolansky DM. Valve function: Stenosis and regurgitation. In: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Cardiac Catheterization, 2nd ed, Pepine CJ, Hill JA, Lambert CR (Eds), Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore 1994. p.443</ref><ref>Carabello BA, Grossman W. Calculation of stenotic valve orifice area. In: Cardiac Catheterization and Angiography, 3rd ed, Grossman W (Ed), Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia 1986. p.143.</ref>
====[[Aortic valve area calculation#Cardiac Catheterization: Gorlin Equation|Gorlin Equation]]====


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 14:10, 12 April 2012

Aortic Stenosis Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Aortic Stenosis from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Cardiac Stress Test

Electrocardiogram

Chest X Ray

CT

MRI

Echocardiography

Cardiac Catheterization

Aortic Valve Area

Aortic Valve Area Calculation

Treatment

General Approach

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Percutaneous Aortic Balloon Valvotomy (PABV) or Aortic Valvuloplasty

Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR)

TAVR vs SAVR
Critical Pathway
Patient Selection
Imaging
Evaluation
Valve Types
TAVR Procedure
Post TAVR management
AHA/ACC Guideline Recommendations

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Prevention

Precautions and Prophylaxis

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

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Case #1

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Lakshmi Gopalakrishnan, M.B.B.S. [2]

Overview

The severity of aortic stenosis can be assessed by estimating both the pressure gradient across the valve and the surface area of the valve. The latter can be calculated using echocardiographic flow velocities and the trans-valvular pressure gradient can be calculated using the following equation:

Pressure Gradient = 4 x (velocity of blood through the valve)2 mmHg

Cardiac Catheterization

Simultaneous measurement of left ventricular output (measures the flow through the aortic valve) and the pressure gradient across the aortic valve provides the essential variables that is required to calculate the aortic valve area and resistance.[1][2]

Gorlin Equation

References

  1. Hirshfeld JW, Kolansky DM. Valve function: Stenosis and regurgitation. In: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Cardiac Catheterization, 2nd ed, Pepine CJ, Hill JA, Lambert CR (Eds), Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore 1994. p.443
  2. Carabello BA, Grossman W. Calculation of stenotic valve orifice area. In: Cardiac Catheterization and Angiography, 3rd ed, Grossman W (Ed), Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia 1986. p.143.


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