Odynophagia: Difference between revisions

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== References ==
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist|2}}
 
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[[Category:Gastroenterology]]
[[Category:Gastroenterology]]

Revision as of 14:23, 29 July 2012

Template:Search infobox Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Synonyms and keywords: painful swallowing

Overview

Odynophagia is defined as painful swallowing.

Causes

Causes in Alphabetical Order. [1] [2]

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

  • Onset
  • Severity
  • Duration
  • Dysphagia with liquids versus solids
  • Psychiatric history
  • Prior episodes
  • Substance exposure
  • History of neck and head problems

Laboratory Findings

Electrolyte and Biomarker Studies

  • Creatinine phosphokinase (CPK) can be used to rule out cardiac ischemia as a cause.

Electrocardiogram

Can be used to assess for left atrial enlargement.

Chest X Ray

Can used to rule out lung cancer and other mass lesions as well as left atrial enlargement.

MRI and CT

  • MRI of brain can be used to exclude CVA and mass lesions of the head and neck.

Echocardiography or Ultrasound

Can be used to rule out an aneurysm or left atrial enlargement as a cause.

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

  • Endoscopy (acute and chronic mechanical obstructions)
  • Speech therapy (ALS and stroke patients)

Pharmacotherapy

  • Proton pump inhibitors or promotility agents, weight loss, avoidance of offending foods (gastroesophageal reflux disease)
  • Anticholinergics (ALS, stroke, lower esophageal spasms)
  • Muscarinic agents (myasthenia gravis)
  • Glucocorticoids (myasthenia gravis and polymyositis)
  • Antispasmodics, botulinum toxin injection (lower esophageal spasm)

Surgery and Device Based Therapy

  • Thoracic surgery, possible balloon dilation (chronic mechanical obstruction)

References

  1. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016
  2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X


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