Cholestasis causes

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

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Causes

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	No underlying causes
Chemical / poisoning	Gold salts
Dermatologic	No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect	Benoxaprofen, Chlorpromazine, Clomipramine, Clonazepam, Combined oral contraceptive pill, Diazepam, Erythromycin estolate, Flucloxacillin, Glibenclamide, Glimepiride, Imipramine, Indomethacin, Levomepromazine, Lorazepam, Nalidixic acid, Nitrofurantoin, Oxazepam, Para-amino salicylic acid, Penicillamine, Perazine, Phenylbutazone, Pipothiazine, Proguanil, Pyritinol, Rifampicin, Temazepam
Ear Nose Throat	No underlying causes
Endocrine	No underlying causes
Environmental	No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic	Neonatal diabetes-congenital hypothyroidism-congenital glaucoma-hepatic fibrosis-polycystic kidneys, Bile duct paucity, non syndromic form, Bile duct stricture, Biliary sludge, Carcinoma of ampulla of Vater, Caroli disease, Cholangiocarcinoma, Choledochal cyst, Choledocholithiasis, Cholelithiasis, Cholestasis-pigmentary retinopathy-cleft palate, Gallbladder cancer, Hepatic adenoma, Hepatic ductular hypoplasia, Hepatocellular carcinoma, Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, Klatskin tumor (bile duct bifurcation), Mirizzi syndrome, Pancreatic cancer
Genetic	Aagenaes syndrome, Alagille syndrome, Benign intrahepatic cholestasis, Citrullinemia type 2, Cystic fibrosis, Dubin-Johnson syndrome, GRACILE syndrome, Lathosterolosis, Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome, hepatocerebral form, North American Indian childhood cirrhosis, Obesity due to pro-opiomelanocortin Deficiency, Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis , Rotor syndrome, Zellweger spectrum, COACH syndrome
Hematologic	No underlying causes
Iatrogenic	Bile duct paucity in Graft-Versus-Host Disease, Long term intravenous nutrition
Infectious Disease	Alveolar hydatid disease, Ascariasis, Cholangitis, Clonorchiasis
Musculoskeletal / Ortho	No underlying causes
Neurologic	COACH syndrome
Nutritional / Metabolic	No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic	No underlying causes
Oncologic	Liver metastases
Opthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose / Toxicity	Benoxaprofen, Chlorpromazine, Clomipramine, Clonazepam, Combined oral contraceptive pill, Diazepam, Erythromycin estolate, Flucloxacillin, Glibenclamide, Glimepiride, Imipramine, Indomethacin, Levomepromazine, Lorazepam, Nalidixic acid, Nitrofurantoin, Oxazepam, Para-amino salicylic acid, Penicillamine, Perazine, Phenylbutazone, Pipothiazine, Proguanil, Pyritinol, Rifampicin, Temazepam
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	No underlying causes
Renal / Electrolyte	Lutz-Richner and Landolt syndrome
Rheum / Immune / Allergy	Primary biliary cirrhosis, Primary sclerosing cholangitis, Sarcoidosis
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	No underlying causes
Urologic	No underlying causes
Dental	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	No underlying causes

Causes in Alphabetical Order

Aagenaes syndrome Alagille syndrome Alveolar hydatid disease Ascariasis Benign intrahepatic cholestasis Benoxaprofen Bile duct paucity in Graft-Versus-Host Disease Bile duct paucity, non syndromic form Bile duct stricture Biliary sludge Carcinoma of ampulla of Vater Caroli disease Chlorpromazine Cholangiocarcinoma Cholangitis Choledochal cyst Choledocholithiasis Cholelithiasis Cholestasis-pigmentary retinopathy-cleft palate Citrullinemia type 2 Clomipramine Clonazepam Clonorchiasis COACH syndrome Combined oral contraceptive pill Cystic fibrosis Diazepam Dubin-Johnson syndrome Erythromycin estolate Flucloxacillin Gallbladder cancer Glibenclamide Glimepiride Gold salts GRACILE syndrome Hepatic adenoma

Hepatic ductular hypoplasia Hepatocellular carcinoma Imipramine Indomethacin Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy Klatskin tumor (bile duct bifurcation) Lathosterolosis Levomepromazine Liver metastases Long term intravenous nutrition Lorazepam Lutz-Richner and Landolt syndrome Mirizzi syndrome Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome, hepatocerebral form Nalidixic acid Neonatal diabetes-congenital hypothyroidism-congenital glaucoma-hepatic fibrosis-polycystic kidneys Nitrofurantoin North American Indian childhood cirrhosis Obesity due to pro-opiomelanocortin Deficiency Oxazepam Pancreatic cancer Para-amino salicylic acid Penicillamine Perazine Phenylbutazone Pipothiazine Primary biliary cirrhosis Primary sclerosing cholangitis Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis Proguanil Pyritinol Rifampicin Rotor syndrome Sarcoidosis Temazepam Zellweger spectrum

There are many causes of cholestasis.

• Extrahepatic cholestasis occurs outside the liver. It can be caused by:

• Bile duct tumors
• Cysts
• Narrowing of the bile duct (strictures)
• Stones in the common bile duct
• Pancreatitis
• Pancreatic tumor or pseudocyst
• Pressure on an organ due to a nearby mass or tumor
• Primary sclerosing cholangitis

• Intrahepatic cholestasis occurs inside the liver. It can be caused by:

• Alcoholic liver disease
• Amyloidosis
• Bacterial abscess in the liver
• Being fed through a vein (IV)
• Lymphoma
• Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy
• Primary biliary cirrhosis
• Primary sclerosing cholangitis
• Sarcoidosis
• Serious infections that have spread through the bloodstream (sepsis)
• Tuberculosis
• Viral hepatitis
• Sjogren syndrome

• Certain medications can also cause cholestasis.