Kidney stone differential diagnosis

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Differential Diagnosis

Calcium stones

• Bone metastasis
• Cushing's syndrome
• Distal renal tubular acidosis
• Excessive Vitamin C intake
• Hypercalcemia
• Hyperthyroidism
• Hyperoxaluria
• Hyperuricosuria
• Hypophosphaturia
• Idiopathic hypercalciuria
• Increased intestinal absorption of oxalates
• Leukemia
• Milk-alkali syndrome
• Osteoporosis
• Paget's Disease
• Sarcoidosis
• Tumor hypercalcemias
• Hypervitaminosis D

Infectious Stones

• Klebsiella
• Proteus
• Pseudomonas

Uric Acid Stones

• Alcohol abuse
• Dehydration
• Drugs
• Gout
• Purine metabolism
• Tumor
• Idiopathic

Congenital Stones

• Cystinuria