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<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{Infobox_gene}}
{{PBB_Controls
'''Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(z) subunit alpha''' is a [[protein]] that in humans is encoded by the ''GNAZ'' [[gene]].<ref name="pmid2115889">{{cite journal | vauthors = Matsuoka M, Itoh H, Kaziro Y | title = Characterization of the human gene for Gx alpha, a pertussis toxin-insensitive regulatory GTP-binding protein | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 265 | issue = 22 | pages = 13215–20  | date = September 1990 | pmid = 2115889 | pmc =  | doi =  }}</ref><ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: GNAZ guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), alpha z polypeptide| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=2781| accessdate = }}</ref>
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
}}


<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
== Function ==
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB =
| Name = Guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), alpha z polypeptide
| HGNCid = 4395
| Symbol = GNAZ
| AltSymbols =;
| OMIM = 139160
| ECnumber = 
| Homologene = 22574
| MGIid = 95780
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_GNAZ_204993_at_tn.png
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000166 |text = nucleotide binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0003924 |text = GTPase activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005057 |text = receptor signaling protein activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005525 |text = GTP binding}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005635 |text = nuclear envelope}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005783 |text = endoplasmic reticulum}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005886 |text = plasma membrane}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007165 |text = signal transduction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007186 |text = G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
    | Hs_EntrezGene = 2781
    | Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000128266
    | Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_002064
    | Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_002073
    | Hs_GenLoc_db = 
    | Hs_GenLoc_chr = 22
    | Hs_GenLoc_start = 21742534
    | Hs_GenLoc_end = 21797221
    | Hs_Uniprot = P19086
    | Mm_EntrezGene = 14687
    | Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000040009
    | Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_010311
    | Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_034441
    | Mm_GenLoc_db = 
    | Mm_GenLoc_chr = 10
    | Mm_GenLoc_start = 74410947
    | Mm_GenLoc_end = 74459593
    | Mm_Uniprot = Q3UYF9
  }}
}}
'''Guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), alpha z polypeptide''', also known as '''GNAZ''', is a human [[gene]].<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: GNAZ guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), alpha z polypeptide| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=2781| accessdate = }}</ref>


<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of a G protein subfamily that mediates signal transduction in pertussis toxin-insensitive systems. This encoded protein may play a role in maintaining the ionic balance of perilymphatic and endolymphatic cochlear fluids.<ref name="entrez" />
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = The protein encoded by this gene is a member of a G protein subfamily that mediates signal transduction in pertussis toxin-insensitive systms. This encoded protein may play a role in maintaining the ionic balance of perilymphatic and endolymphatic cochlear fluids.<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: GNAZ guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), alpha z polypeptide| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=2781| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}


==References==
== Interactions ==
{{reflist|2}}
 
==Further reading==
GNAZ has been shown to [[Protein-protein interaction|interact]] with [[EYA2]],<ref name=pmid10906137>{{cite journal | vauthors = Fan X, Brass LF, Poncz M, Spitz F, Maire P, Manning DR | title = The alpha subunits of Gz and Gi interact with the eyes absent transcription cofactor Eya2, preventing its interaction with the six class of homeodomain-containing proteins | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 275 | issue = 41 | pages = 32129–34  | date = October 2000 | pmid = 10906137 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M004577200 }}</ref> [[RGS20]]<ref name=pmid12414994>{{cite journal | vauthors = Nagahama M, Usui S, Shinohara T, Yamaguchi T, Tani K, Tagaya M | title = Inactivation of Galpha(z) causes disassembly of the Golgi apparatus | journal = J. Cell Sci. | volume = 115 | issue = Pt 23 | pages = 4483–93  | date = December 2002 | pmid = 12414994 | doi = 10.1242/jcs.00093 }}</ref><ref name=pmid9748279>{{cite journal | vauthors = Glick JL, Meigs TE, Miron A, Casey PJ | title = RGSZ1, a Gz-selective regulator of G protein signaling whose action is sensitive to the phosphorylation state of Gzalpha | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 273 | issue = 40 | pages = 26008–13  | date = October 1998 | pmid = 9748279 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.273.40.26008 }}</ref> and [[RGS19]].<ref name=pmid10906137/><ref name=pmid8986788>{{cite journal | vauthors = De Vries L, Elenko E, Hubler L, Jones TL, Farquhar MG | title = GAIP is membrane-anchored by palmitoylation and interacts with the activated (GTP-bound) form of G alpha i subunits | journal = Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. | volume = 93 | issue = 26 | pages = 15203–8  | date = December 1996 | pmid = 8986788 | pmc = 26381 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.93.26.15203 }}</ref>
 
== References ==
{{reflist}}
 
== Further reading ==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Wilkie TM, Gilbert DJ, Olsen AS, Chen XN, Amatruda TT, Korenberg JR, Trask BJ, de Jong P, Reed RR, Simon MI | title = Evolution of the mammalian G protein alpha subunit multigene family | journal = Nat. Genet. | volume = 1 | issue = 2 | pages = 85–91 | year = 1992 | pmid = 1302014 | doi = 10.1038/ng0592-85 }}
| citations =
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Jiang M, Pandey S, Tran VT, Fong HK | title = Guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory proteins in retinal pigment epithelial cells | journal = Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. | volume = 88 | issue = 9 | pages = 3907–11 | year = 1991 | pmid = 1902575 | pmc = 51562 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.88.9.3907 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Wilkie TM, Gilbert DJ, Olsen AS, ''et al.'' |title=Evolution of the mammalian G protein alpha subunit multigene family. |journal=Nat. Genet. |volume=1 |issue= 2 |pages= 85-91 |year= 1993 |pmid= 1302014 |doi= 10.1038/ng0592-85 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Gagnon AW, Manning DR, Catani L, Gewirtz A, Poncz M, Brass LF | title = Identification of Gz alpha as a pertussis toxin-insensitive G protein in human platelets and megakaryocytes | journal = Blood | volume = 78 | issue = 5 | pages = 1247–53 | year = 1991 | pmid = 1908722 | doi =  }}
*{{cite journal | author=Jiang M, Pandey S, Tran VT, Fong HK |title=Guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory proteins in retinal pigment epithelial cells. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=88 |issue= 9 |pages= 3907-11 |year= 1991 |pmid= 1902575 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Hinton DR, Blanks JC, Fong HK, Casey PJ, Hildebrandt E, Simons MI | title = Novel localization of a G protein, Gz-alpha, in neurons of brain and retina | journal = J. Neurosci. | volume = 10 | issue = 8 | pages = 2763–70 | year = 1990 | pmid = 2117645 | doi =  }}
*{{cite journal | author=Gagnon AW, Manning DR, Catani L, ''et al.'' |title=Identification of Gz alpha as a pertussis toxin-insensitive G protein in human platelets and megakaryocytes. |journal=Blood |volume=78 |issue= 5 |pages= 1247-53 |year= 1991 |pmid= 1908722 |doi=  }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Mumby SM, Heukeroth RO, Gordon JI, Gilman AG | title = G-protein alpha-subunit expression, myristoylation, and membrane association in COS cells | journal = Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. | volume = 87 | issue = 2 | pages = 728–32 | year = 1990 | pmid = 2153964 | pmc = 53339 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.87.2.728 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Matsuoka M, Itoh H, Kaziro Y |title=Characterization of the human gene for Gx alpha, a pertussis toxin-insensitive regulatory GTP-binding protein. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=265 |issue= 22 |pages= 13215-20 |year= 1990 |pmid= 2115889 |doi=  }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Matsuoka M, Itoh H, Kozasa T, Kaziro Y | title = Sequence analysis of cDNA and genomic DNA for a putative pertussis toxin-insensitive guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory protein alpha subunit | journal = Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. | volume = 85 | issue = 15 | pages = 5384–8 | year = 1988 | pmid = 2456569 | pmc = 281761 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.85.15.5384 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Hinton DR, Blanks JC, Fong HK, ''et al.'' |title=Novel localization of a G protein, Gz-alpha, in neurons of brain and retina. |journal=J. Neurosci. |volume=10 |issue= 8 |pages= 2763-70 |year= 1990 |pmid= 2117645 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Blatt C, Eversole-Cire P, Cohn VH, Zollman S, Fournier RE, Mohandas LT, Nesbitt M, Lugo T, Jones DT, Reed RR | title = Chromosomal localization of genes encoding guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunits in mouse and human | journal = Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. | volume = 85 | issue = 20 | pages = 7642–6 | year = 1988 | pmid = 2902634 | pmc = 282248 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.85.20.7642 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Mumby SM, Heukeroth RO, Gordon JI, Gilman AG |title=G-protein alpha-subunit expression, myristoylation, and membrane association in COS cells. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=87 |issue= 2 |pages= 728-32 |year= 1990 |pmid= 2153964 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Fong HK, Yoshimoto KK, Eversole-Cire P, Simon MI | title = Identification of a GTP-binding protein alpha subunit that lacks an apparent ADP-ribosylation site for pertussis toxin | journal = Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. | volume = 85 | issue = 9 | pages = 3066–70 | year = 1988 | pmid = 3129724 | pmc = 280144 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.85.9.3066 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Matsuoka M, Itoh H, Kozasa T, Kaziro Y |title=Sequence analysis of cDNA and genomic DNA for a putative pertussis toxin-insensitive guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory protein alpha subunit. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=85 |issue= 15 |pages= 5384-8 |year= 1988 |pmid= 2456569 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Fields TA, Casey PJ | title = Phosphorylation of Gz alpha by protein kinase C blocks interaction with the beta gamma complex | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 270 | issue = 39 | pages = 23119–25 | year = 1995 | pmid = 7559455 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.270.39.23119 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Blatt C, Eversole-Cire P, Cohn VH, ''et al.'' |title=Chromosomal localization of genes encoding guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunits in mouse and human. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=85 |issue= 20 |pages= 7642-6 |year= 1988 |pmid= 2902634 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Lounsbury KM, Schlegel B, Poncz M, Brass LF, Manning DR | title = Analysis of Gz alpha by site-directed mutagenesis. Sites and specificity of protein kinase C-dependent phosphorylation | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 268 | issue = 5 | pages = 3494–8 | year = 1993 | pmid = 8429024 | doi =  }}
*{{cite journal | author=Fong HK, Yoshimoto KK, Eversole-Cire P, Simon MI |title=Identification of a GTP-binding protein alpha subunit that lacks an apparent ADP-ribosylation site for pertussis toxin. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=85 |issue= 9 |pages= 3066-70 |year= 1988 |pmid= 3129724 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Linder ME, Middleton P, Hepler JR, Taussig R, Gilman AG, Mumby SM | title = Lipid modifications of G proteins: alpha subunits are palmitoylated | journal = Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. | volume = 90 | issue = 8 | pages = 3675–9 | year = 1993 | pmid = 8475115 | pmc = 46364 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.90.8.3675 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Fields TA, Casey PJ |title=Phosphorylation of Gz alpha by protein kinase C blocks interaction with the beta gamma complex. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=270 |issue= 39 |pages= 23119-25 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7559455 |doi=  }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Hunt TW, Fields TA, Casey PJ, Peralta EG | title = RGS10 is a selective activator of G alpha i GTPase activity | journal = Nature | volume = 383 | issue = 6596 | pages = 175–7 | year = 1996 | pmid = 8774883 | doi = 10.1038/383175a0 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Lounsbury KM, Schlegel B, Poncz M, ''et al.'' |title=Analysis of Gz alpha by site-directed mutagenesis. Sites and specificity of protein kinase C-dependent phosphorylation. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=268 |issue= 5 |pages= 3494-8 |year= 1993 |pmid= 8429024 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Magovcevic I, Khetarpal U, Bieber FR, Morton CC | title = GNAZ in human fetal cochlea: expression, localization, and potential role in inner ear function | journal = Hear. Res. | volume = 90 | issue = 1-2 | pages = 55–64 | year = 1995 | pmid = 8975005 | doi = 10.1016/0378-5955(95)00146-8 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Linder ME, Middleton P, Hepler JR, ''et al.'' |title=Lipid modifications of G proteins: alpha subunits are palmitoylated. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=90 |issue= 8 |pages= 3675-9 |year= 1993 |pmid= 8475115 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = De Vries L, Elenko E, Hubler L, Jones TL, Farquhar MG | title = GAIP is membrane-anchored by palmitoylation and interacts with the activated (GTP-bound) form of G alpha i subunits | journal = Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. | volume = 93 | issue = 26 | pages = 15203–8 | year = 1996 | pmid = 8986788 | pmc = 26381 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.93.26.15203 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Hunt TW, Fields TA, Casey PJ, Peralta EG |title=RGS10 is a selective activator of G alpha i GTPase activity. |journal=Nature |volume=383 |issue= 6596 |pages= 175-7 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8774883 |doi= 10.1038/383175a0 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Ho MK, Wong YH | title = Functional role of amino-terminal serine16 and serine27 of G alphaZ in receptor and effector coupling | journal = J. Neurochem. | volume = 68 | issue = 6 | pages = 2514–22 | year = 1997 | pmid = 9166747 | doi = 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1997.68062514.x }}
*{{cite journal | author=Magovcevic I, Khetarpal U, Bieber FR, Morton CC |title=GNAZ in human fetal cochlea: expression, localization, and potential role in inner ear function. |journal=Hear. Res. |volume=90 |issue= 1-2 |pages= 55-64 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8975005 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Sidhu A, Kimura K, Uh M, White BH, Patel S | title = Multiple coupling of human D5 dopamine receptors to guanine nucleotide binding proteins Gs and Gz | journal = J. Neurochem. | volume = 70 | issue = 6 | pages = 2459–67 | year = 1998 | pmid = 9603210 | doi = 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1998.70062459.x }}
*{{cite journal | author=De Vries L, Elenko E, Hubler L, ''et al.'' |title=GAIP is membrane-anchored by palmitoylation and interacts with the activated (GTP-bound) form of G alpha i subunits. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=93 |issue= 26 |pages= 15203-8 |year= 1997 |pmid= 8986788 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Lin P, Le-Niculescu H, Hofmeister R, McCaffery JM, Jin M, Hennemann H, McQuistan T, De Vries L, Farquhar MG | title = The mammalian calcium-binding protein, nucleobindin (CALNUC), is a Golgi resident protein | journal = J. Cell Biol. | volume = 141 | issue = 7 | pages = 1515–27 | year = 1998 | pmid = 9647645 | pmc = 2132997 | doi = 10.1083/jcb.141.7.1515 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Ho MK, Wong YH |title=Functional role of amino-terminal serine16 and serine27 of G alphaZ in receptor and effector coupling. |journal=J. Neurochem. |volume=68 |issue= 6 |pages= 2514-22 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9166747 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Glick JL, Meigs TE, Miron A, Casey PJ | title = RGSZ1, a Gz-selective regulator of G protein signaling whose action is sensitive to the phosphorylation state of Gzalpha | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 273 | issue = 40 | pages = 26008–13 | year = 1998 | pmid = 9748279 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.273.40.26008 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Sidhu A, Kimura K, Uh M, ''et al.'' |title=Multiple coupling of human D5 dopamine receptors to guanine nucleotide binding proteins Gs and Gz. |journal=J. Neurochem. |volume=70 |issue= 6 |pages= 2459-67 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9603210 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Lin P, Le-Niculescu H, Hofmeister R, ''et al.'' |title=The mammalian calcium-binding protein, nucleobindin (CALNUC), is a Golgi resident protein. |journal=J. Cell Biol. |volume=141 |issue= 7 |pages= 1515-27 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9647645 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Glick JL, Meigs TE, Miron A, Casey PJ |title=RGSZ1, a Gz-selective regulator of G protein signaling whose action is sensitive to the phosphorylation state of Gzalpha. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=273 |issue= 40 |pages= 26008-13 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9748279 |doi=  }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{refend}}


{{gene-22-stub}}
{{Intracellular signaling peptides and proteins}}
{{WikiDoc Sources}}
 
 
{{Gene-22-stub}}

Latest revision as of 20:01, 8 November 2017

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Identifiers
Aliases
External IDsGeneCards: [1]
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

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Ensembl

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UniProt

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RefSeq (mRNA)

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RefSeq (protein)

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Location (UCSC)n/an/a
PubMed searchn/an/a
Wikidata
View/Edit Human

Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(z) subunit alpha is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GNAZ gene.[1][2]

Function

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of a G protein subfamily that mediates signal transduction in pertussis toxin-insensitive systems. This encoded protein may play a role in maintaining the ionic balance of perilymphatic and endolymphatic cochlear fluids.[2]

Interactions

GNAZ has been shown to interact with EYA2,[3] RGS20[4][5] and RGS19.[3][6]

References

  1. ↑ Matsuoka M, Itoh H, Kaziro Y (September 1990). "Characterization of the human gene for Gx alpha, a pertussis toxin-insensitive regulatory GTP-binding protein". J. Biol. Chem. 265 (22): 13215–20. PMID 2115889.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Entrez Gene: GNAZ guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), alpha z polypeptide".
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Fan X, Brass LF, Poncz M, Spitz F, Maire P, Manning DR (October 2000). "The alpha subunits of Gz and Gi interact with the eyes absent transcription cofactor Eya2, preventing its interaction with the six class of homeodomain-containing proteins". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (41): 32129–34. doi:10.1074/jbc.M004577200. PMID 10906137.
  4. ↑ Nagahama M, Usui S, Shinohara T, Yamaguchi T, Tani K, Tagaya M (December 2002). "Inactivation of Galpha(z) causes disassembly of the Golgi apparatus". J. Cell Sci. 115 (Pt 23): 4483–93. doi:10.1242/jcs.00093. PMID 12414994.
  5. ↑ Glick JL, Meigs TE, Miron A, Casey PJ (October 1998). "RGSZ1, a Gz-selective regulator of G protein signaling whose action is sensitive to the phosphorylation state of Gzalpha". J. Biol. Chem. 273 (40): 26008–13. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.40.26008. PMID 9748279.
  6. ↑ De Vries L, Elenko E, Hubler L, Jones TL, Farquhar MG (December 1996). "GAIP is membrane-anchored by palmitoylation and interacts with the activated (GTP-bound) form of G alpha i subunits". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 93 (26): 15203–8. doi:10.1073/pnas.93.26.15203. PMC 26381. PMID 8986788.

Further reading


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