PARD3: Difference between revisions

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{{Infobox_gene}}
{{PBB_Controls
'''Partitioning defective 3 homolog''' is a [[protein]] that in humans is encoded by the ''PARD3'' [[gene]].<ref name="pmid10934474">{{cite journal | vauthors = Joberty G, Petersen C, Gao L, Macara IG | title = The cell-polarity protein Par6 links Par3 and atypical protein kinase C to Cdc42 | journal = Nat Cell Biol | volume = 2 | issue = 8 | pages = 531–9 | date = Oct 2000 | pmid = 10934474 | pmc =  | doi = 10.1038/35019573 }}</ref><ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: PARD3 par-3 partitioning defective 3 homolog (C. elegans)| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=56288| accessdate = }}</ref>
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
}}


<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
== Function ==
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB =
| Name = Par-3 partitioning defective 3 homolog (C. elegans)
| HGNCid = 16051
| Symbol = PARD3
| AltSymbols =; ASIP; PAR3; Baz; Bazooka; FLJ21015; PAR3alpha; PARD3A; SE2-5L16; SE2-5LT1; SE2-5T2
| OMIM = 606745
| ECnumber = 
| Homologene = 10489
| MGIid = 2135608
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_PARD3_210094_s_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image2 = PBB_GE_PARD3_221526_x_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image3 = PBB_GE_PARD3_221280_s_at_tn.png
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005515 |text = protein binding}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005737 |text = cytoplasm}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005819 |text = spindle}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005913 |text = cell-cell adherens junction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005923 |text = tight junction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005938 |text = cell cortex}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016020 |text = membrane}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006461 |text = protein complex assembly}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007049 |text = cell cycle}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007163 |text = establishment and/or maintenance of cell polarity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007205 |text = protein kinase C activation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007409 |text = axonogenesis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008356 |text = asymmetric cell division}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
    | Hs_EntrezGene = 56288
    | Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000148498
    | Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_062565
    | Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_019619
    | Hs_GenLoc_db = 
    | Hs_GenLoc_chr = 10
    | Hs_GenLoc_start = 34438495
    | Hs_GenLoc_end = 35144255
    | Hs_Uniprot = Q8TEW0
    | Mm_EntrezGene = 93742
    | Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000025812
    | Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_001013580
    | Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_001013598
    | Mm_GenLoc_db = 
    | Mm_GenLoc_chr = 8
    | Mm_GenLoc_start = 129950335
    | Mm_GenLoc_end = 130496920
    | Mm_Uniprot = Q4JJC0
  }}
}}
'''Par-3 partitioning defective 3 homolog (C. elegans)''', also known as '''PARD3''', is a human [[gene]].<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: PARD3 par-3 partitioning defective 3 homolog (C. elegans)| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=56288| accessdate = }}</ref>


<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
PARD proteins, which were first identified in C. elegans, are essential for asymmetric cell division and polarized growth, whereas CDC42 (MIM 116952) mediates the establishment of cell polarity. The CDC42 GTPase, which is controlled by nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs; see MIM 606057) and GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs; see MIM 604980), interacts with a large set of effector proteins that typically contain a CDC42/RAC (MIM 602048)-interactive binding (CRIB) domain.[supplied by OMIM]<ref name="entrez"/>
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = PARD proteins, which were first identified in C. elegans, are essential for asymmetric cell division and polarized growth, whereas CDC42 (MIM 116952) mediates the establishment of cell polarity. The CDC42 GTPase, which is controlled by nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs; see MIM 606057) and GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs; see MIM 604980), interacts with a large set of effector proteins that typically contain a CDC42/RAC (MIM 602048)-interactive binding (CRIB) domain.[supplied by OMIM]<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: PARD3 par-3 partitioning defective 3 homolog (C. elegans)| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=56288| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}


==References==
== Interactions ==
{{reflist|2}}
 
==Further reading==
PARD3 has been shown to [[Protein-protein interaction|interact]] with:
* [[JAM2]],<ref name = pmid12953056/>
* [[JAM3]],<ref name = pmid12953056>{{cite journal | vauthors = Ebnet K, Aurrand-Lions M, Kuhn A, Kiefer F, Butz S, Zander K, Meyer zu Brickwedde MK, Suzuki A, Imhof BA, Vestweber D | title = The junctional adhesion molecule (JAM) family members JAM-2 and JAM-3 associate with the cell polarity protein PAR-3: a possible role for JAMs in endothelial cell polarity | journal = J. Cell Sci. | volume = 116 | issue = Pt 19 | pages = 3879–91 | date = Oct 2003 | pmid = 12953056 | doi = 10.1242/jcs.00704 }}</ref>
* [[PRKCI]],<ref name = pmid12459187>{{cite journal | vauthors = Kohjima M, Noda Y, Takeya R, Saito N, Takeuchi K, Sumimoto H | title = PAR3beta, a novel homologue of the cell polarity protein PAR3, localizes to tight junctions | journal = Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | volume = 299 | issue = 4 | pages = 641–6 | date = Dec 2002 | pmid = 12459187 | doi =  10.1016/s0006-291x(02)02698-0}}</ref> and
* [[PVRL3]].<ref name = pmid12515806>{{cite journal | vauthors = Takekuni K, Ikeda W, Fujito T, Morimoto K, Takeuchi M, Monden M, Takai Y | title = Direct binding of cell polarity protein PAR-3 to cell-cell adhesion molecule nectin at neuroepithelial cells of developing mouse | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 278 | issue = 8 | pages = 5497–500 | date = Feb 2003 | pmid = 12515806 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.C200707200 }}</ref>
 
== References ==
{{reflist}}
 
== Further reading ==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Johansson A, Driessens M, Aspenström P | title = The mammalian homologue of the Caenorhabditis elegans polarity protein PAR-6 is a binding partner for the Rho GTPases Cdc42 and Rac1. | journal = J. Cell Sci. | volume = 113 | issue = 18 | pages = 3267–75 | year = 2000 | pmid = 10954424 | doi = }}
| citations =
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Eichmuller S, Usener D, Dummer R, Stein A, Thiel D, Schadendorf D | title = Serological detection of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma-associated antigens. | journal = Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. | volume = 98 | issue = 2 | pages = 629–34 | year = 2001 | pmid = 11149944 | pmc = 14639 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.021386498 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Joberty G, Petersen C, Gao L, Macara IG |title=The cell-polarity protein Par6 links Par3 and atypical protein kinase C to Cdc42. |journal=Nat. Cell Biol. |volume=2 |issue= 8 |pages= 531-9 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10934474 |doi= 10.1038/35019573 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Suzuki A, Yamanaka T, Hirose T, Manabe N, Mizuno K, Shimizu M, Akimoto K, Izumi Y, Ohnishi T, Ohno S | title = Atypical protein kinase C is involved in the evolutionarily conserved par protein complex and plays a critical role in establishing epithelia-specific junctional structures. | journal = J. Cell Biol. | volume = 152 | issue = 6 | pages = 1183–96 | year = 2001 | pmid = 11257119 | pmc = 2199212 | doi = 10.1083/jcb.152.6.1183 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Johansson A, Driessens M, Aspenström P |title=The mammalian homologue of the Caenorhabditis elegans polarity protein PAR-6 is a binding partner for the Rho GTPases Cdc42 and Rac1. |journal=J. Cell. Sci. |volume=113 ( Pt 18) |issue= |pages= 3267-75 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10954424 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Noda Y, Takeya R, Ohno S, Naito S, Ito T, Sumimoto H | title = Human homologues of the Caenorhabditis elegans cell polarity protein PAR6 as an adaptor that links the small GTPases Rac and Cdc42 to atypical protein kinase C. | journal = Genes Cells | volume = 6 | issue = 2 | pages = 107–19 | year = 2001 | pmid = 11260256 | doi = 10.1046/j.1365-2443.2001.00404.x }}
*{{cite journal | author=Eichmuller S, Usener D, Dummer R, ''et al.'' |title=Serological detection of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma-associated antigens. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=98 |issue= 2 |pages= 629-34 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11149944 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.021386498 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Ebnet K, Suzuki A, Horikoshi Y, Hirose T, Meyer Zu Brickwedde MK, Ohno S, Vestweber D | title = The cell polarity protein ASIP/PAR-3 directly associates with junctional adhesion molecule (JAM). | journal = EMBO J. | volume = 20 | issue = 14 | pages = 3738–48 | year = 2001 | pmid = 11447115 | pmc = 125258 | doi = 10.1093/emboj/20.14.3738 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Suzuki A, Yamanaka T, Hirose T, ''et al.'' |title=Atypical protein kinase C is involved in the evolutionarily conserved par protein complex and plays a critical role in establishing epithelia-specific junctional structures. |journal=J. Cell Biol. |volume=152 |issue= 6 |pages= 1183-96 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11257119 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Fang CM, Xu YH | title = Down-regulated expression of atypical PKC-binding domain deleted asip isoforms in human hepatocellular carcinomas. | journal = Cell Res. | volume = 11 | issue = 3 | pages = 223–9 | year = 2002 | pmid = 11642408 | doi = 10.1038/sj.cr.7290090 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Noda Y, Takeya R, Ohno S, ''et al.'' |title=Human homologues of the Caenorhabditis elegans cell polarity protein PAR6 as an adaptor that links the small GTPases Rac and Cdc42 to atypical protein kinase C. |journal=Genes Cells |volume=6 |issue= 2 |pages= 107-19 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11260256 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Gao L, Macara IG, Joberty G | title = Multiple splice variants of Par3 and of a novel related gene, Par3L, produce proteins with different binding properties. | journal = Gene | volume = 294 | issue = 1–2 | pages = 99–107 | year = 2003 | pmid = 12234671 | doi = 10.1016/S0378-1119(02)00681-9 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Ebnet K, Suzuki A, Horikoshi Y, ''et al.'' |title=The cell polarity protein ASIP/PAR-3 directly associates with junctional adhesion molecule (JAM). |journal=EMBO J. |volume=20 |issue= 14 |pages= 3738-48 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11447115 |doi= 10.1093/emboj/20.14.3738 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Kohjima M, Noda Y, Takeya R, Saito N, Takeuchi K, Sumimoto H | title = PAR3beta, a novel homologue of the cell polarity protein PAR3, localizes to tight junctions | journal = Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | volume = 299 | issue = 4 | pages = 641–6 | year = 2003 | pmid = 12459187 | doi = 10.1016/S0006-291X(02)02698-0 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Fang CM, Xu YH |title=Down-regulated expression of atypical PKC-binding domain deleted asip isoforms in human hepatocellular carcinomas. |journal=Cell Res. |volume=11 |issue= 3 |pages= 223-9 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11642408 |doi= 10.1038/sj.cr.7290090 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Takekuni K, Ikeda W, Fujito T, Morimoto K, Takeuchi M, Monden M, Takai Y | title = Direct binding of cell polarity protein PAR-3 to cell-cell adhesion molecule nectin at neuroepithelial cells of developing mouse | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 278 | issue = 8 | pages = 5497–500 | year = 2003 | pmid = 12515806 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.C200707200 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Gao L, Macara IG, Joberty G |title=Multiple splice variants of Par3 and of a novel related gene, Par3L, produce proteins with different binding properties. |journal=Gene |volume=294 |issue= 1-2 |pages= 99-107 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12234671 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Warner DR, Pisano MM, Roberts EA, Greene RM | title = Identification of three novel Smad binding proteins involved in cell polarity | journal = FEBS Lett. | volume = 539 | issue = 1–3 | pages = 167–73 | year = 2003 | pmid = 12650946 | doi = 10.1016/S0014-5793(03)00155-8 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Kohjima M, Noda Y, Takeya R, ''et al.'' |title=PAR3beta, a novel homologue of the cell polarity protein PAR3, localizes to tight junctions. |journal=Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. |volume=299 |issue= 4 |pages= 641-6 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12459187 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Brajenovic M, Joberty G, Küster B, Bouwmeester T, Drewes G | title = Comprehensive proteomic analysis of human Par protein complexes reveals an interconnected protein network | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 279 | issue = 13 | pages = 12804–11 | year = 2004 | pmid = 14676191 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M312171200 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, ''et al.'' |title=Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 26 |pages= 16899-903 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12477932 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.242603899 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Navarro-Lérida I, Martínez Moreno M, Roncal F, Gavilanes F, Albar JP, Rodríguez-Crespo I | title = Proteomic identification of brain proteins that interact with dynein light chain LC8 | journal = Proteomics | volume = 4 | issue = 2 | pages = 339–46 | year = 2004 | pmid = 14760703 | doi = 10.1002/pmic.200300528 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Takekuni K, Ikeda W, Fujito T, ''et al.'' |title=Direct binding of cell polarity protein PAR-3 to cell-cell adhesion molecule nectin at neuroepithelial cells of developing mouse. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=278 |issue= 8 |pages= 5497-500 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12515806 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.C200707200 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Brill LM, Salomon AR, Ficarro SB, Mukherji M, Stettler-Gill M, Peters EC | title = Robust phosphoproteomic profiling of tyrosine phosphorylation sites from human T cells using immobilized metal affinity chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry | journal = Anal. Chem. | volume = 76 | issue = 10 | pages = 2763–72 | year = 2004 | pmid = 15144186 | doi = 10.1021/ac035352d }}
*{{cite journal | author=Warner DR, Pisano MM, Roberts EA, Greene RM |title=Identification of three novel Smad binding proteins involved in cell polarity. |journal=FEBS Lett. |volume=539 |issue= 1-3 |pages= 167-73 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12650946 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Liu XF, Ishida H, Raziuddin R, Miki T | title = Nucleotide exchange factor ECT2 interacts with the polarity protein complex Par6/Par3/protein kinase Czeta (PKCzeta) and regulates PKCzeta activity | journal = Mol. Cell. Biol. | volume = 24 | issue = 15 | pages = 6665–75 | year = 2004 | pmid = 15254234 | pmc = 444862 | doi = 10.1128/MCB.24.15.6665-6675.2004 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Brajenovic M, Joberty G, Küster B, ''et al.'' |title=Comprehensive proteomic analysis of human Par protein complexes reveals an interconnected protein network. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=279 |issue= 13 |pages= 12804-11 |year= 2004 |pmid= 14676191 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M312171200 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Beausoleil SA, Jedrychowski M, Schwartz D, Elias JE, Villén J, Li J, Cohn MA, Cantley LC, Gygi SP | title = Large-scale characterization of HeLa cell nuclear phosphoproteins | journal = Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. | volume = 101 | issue = 33 | pages = 12130–5 | year = 2004 | pmid = 15302935 | pmc = 514446 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.0404720101 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, ''et al.'' |title=Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. |journal=Nat. Genet. |volume=36 |issue= 1 |pages= 40-5 |year= 2004 |pmid= 14702039 |doi= 10.1038/ng1285 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Jin J, Smith FD, Stark C, Wells CD, Fawcett JP, Kulkarni S, Metalnikov P, O'Donnell P, Taylor P, Taylor L, Zougman A, Woodgett JR, Langeberg LK, Scott JD, Pawson T | title = Proteomic, functional, and domain-based analysis of in vivo 14-3-3 binding proteins involved in cytoskeletal regulation and cellular organization | journal = Curr. Biol. | volume = 14 | issue = 16 | pages = 1436–50 | year = 2004 | pmid = 15324660 | doi = 10.1016/j.cub.2004.07.051 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Navarro-Lérida I, Martínez Moreno M, Roncal F, ''et al.'' |title=Proteomic identification of brain proteins that interact with dynein light chain LC8. |journal=Proteomics |volume=4 |issue= 2 |pages= 339-46 |year= 2004 |pmid= 14760703 |doi= 10.1002/pmic.200300528 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Brill LM, Salomon AR, Ficarro SB, ''et al.'' |title=Robust phosphoproteomic profiling of tyrosine phosphorylation sites from human T cells using immobilized metal affinity chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. |journal=Anal. Chem. |volume=76 |issue= 10 |pages= 2763-72 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15144186 |doi= 10.1021/ac035352d }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Liu XF, Ishida H, Raziuddin R, Miki T |title=Nucleotide exchange factor ECT2 interacts with the polarity protein complex Par6/Par3/protein kinase Czeta (PKCzeta) and regulates PKCzeta activity. |journal=Mol. Cell. Biol. |volume=24 |issue= 15 |pages= 6665-75 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15254234 |doi= 10.1128/MCB.24.15.6665-6675.2004 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Beausoleil SA, Jedrychowski M, Schwartz D, ''et al.'' |title=Large-scale characterization of HeLa cell nuclear phosphoproteins. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=101 |issue= 33 |pages= 12130-5 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15302935 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.0404720101 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Jin J, Smith FD, Stark C, ''et al.'' |title=Proteomic, functional, and domain-based analysis of in vivo 14-3-3 binding proteins involved in cytoskeletal regulation and cellular organization. |journal=Curr. Biol. |volume=14 |issue= 16 |pages= 1436-50 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15324660 |doi= 10.1016/j.cub.2004.07.051 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, ''et al.'' |title=The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). |journal=Genome Res. |volume=14 |issue= 10B |pages= 2121-7 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15489334 |doi= 10.1101/gr.2596504 }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{refend}}


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Revision as of 20:31, 8 November 2017

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Identifiers
Aliases
External IDsGeneCards: [1]
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

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Ensembl

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UniProt

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RefSeq (mRNA)

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RefSeq (protein)

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Location (UCSC)n/an/a
PubMed searchn/an/a
Wikidata
View/Edit Human

Partitioning defective 3 homolog is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PARD3 gene.[1][2]

Function

PARD proteins, which were first identified in C. elegans, are essential for asymmetric cell division and polarized growth, whereas CDC42 (MIM 116952) mediates the establishment of cell polarity. The CDC42 GTPase, which is controlled by nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs; see MIM 606057) and GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs; see MIM 604980), interacts with a large set of effector proteins that typically contain a CDC42/RAC (MIM 602048)-interactive binding (CRIB) domain.[supplied by OMIM][2]

Interactions

PARD3 has been shown to interact with:

References

  1. ↑ Joberty G, Petersen C, Gao L, Macara IG (Oct 2000). "The cell-polarity protein Par6 links Par3 and atypical protein kinase C to Cdc42". Nat Cell Biol. 2 (8): 531–9. doi:10.1038/35019573. PMID 10934474.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Entrez Gene: PARD3 par-3 partitioning defective 3 homolog (C. elegans)".
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Ebnet K, Aurrand-Lions M, Kuhn A, Kiefer F, Butz S, Zander K, Meyer zu Brickwedde MK, Suzuki A, Imhof BA, Vestweber D (Oct 2003). "The junctional adhesion molecule (JAM) family members JAM-2 and JAM-3 associate with the cell polarity protein PAR-3: a possible role for JAMs in endothelial cell polarity". J. Cell Sci. 116 (Pt 19): 3879–91. doi:10.1242/jcs.00704. PMID 12953056.
  4. ↑ Kohjima M, Noda Y, Takeya R, Saito N, Takeuchi K, Sumimoto H (Dec 2002). "PAR3beta, a novel homologue of the cell polarity protein PAR3, localizes to tight junctions". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 299 (4): 641–6. doi:10.1016/s0006-291x(02)02698-0. PMID 12459187.
  5. ↑ Takekuni K, Ikeda W, Fujito T, Morimoto K, Takeuchi M, Monden M, Takai Y (Feb 2003). "Direct binding of cell polarity protein PAR-3 to cell-cell adhesion molecule nectin at neuroepithelial cells of developing mouse". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (8): 5497–500. doi:10.1074/jbc.C200707200. PMID 12515806.

Further reading


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