Cretinism overview: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
'''Cretinism''' is a condition of severely stunted physical and mental growth due to untreated [[congenital disorder|congenital]] deficiency of [[thyroid]] [[hormone]]s ([[hypothyroidism]]). The term ''cretin'' refers to a person so affected. Cretinism is an old name used for [[congenital hypothyroidism]]. It includes sporadic cretinism and endemic cretinism. Sporadic cretinism is caused by gene [[mutations]], [[radiation]], [[drugs]] and so on. Usual symptoms are neurological impairment, low metabolism conditions and [[infertility]]. Thyroid hormone replacement is the main treatment. Endemic cretinism results from a diet deficient in [[iodine]]. Iodine deficiency results in enlargement of the [[thyroid gland]], physical development hypoevolutism and mental development impairment. As a public health problem, many countries have established the policy of iodine administration. | '''Cretinism''' is a condition of severely stunted physical and mental growth due to untreated [[congenital disorder|congenital]] deficiency of [[thyroid]] [[hormone]]s ([[hypothyroidism]]). The term ''cretin'' refers to a person so affected. Cretinism is an old name used for [[congenital hypothyroidism]]. It includes sporadic cretinism and endemic cretinism. Sporadic cretinism is caused by gene [[mutations]], [[radiation]], [[drugs]] and so on. Usual symptoms are neurological impairment, low metabolism conditions and [[infertility]]. Thyroid hormone replacement is the main treatment. Endemic cretinism results from a diet deficient in [[iodine]]. Iodine deficiency results in enlargement of the [[thyroid gland]], physical development hypoevolutism and mental development impairment. As a public health problem, many countries have established the policy of iodine administration. | ||
==Historical Perspective== | |||
==Classification== | |||
==Pathophysiology== | |||
==Causes== | |||
==Differentiating Cretinism from other Diseases== | |||
==Epidemiology and Demographics== | |||
==Risk Factors== | |||
==Screening== | |||
==Natural History, Complications and Prognosis== | |||
==Diagnosis== | |||
===History and Symptoms=== | |||
===Physical Examination=== | |||
===Laboratory Findings=== | |||
===Electrocardiogram=== | |||
===Chest X Ray=== | |||
===CT=== | |||
===MRI=== | |||
===Echocardiography or Ultrasound=== | |||
===Other Imaging Findings=== | |||
===Other Diagnostic Studies=== | |||
==Treatment== | |||
===Surgery=== | |||
===Medical Therapy=== | |||
===Primary Prevention=== | |||
===Secondary Prevention=== | |||
===Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy=== | |||
===Future or Investigational Therapies=== | |||
==Case Studies== | |||
===Case #1=== | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist|2}} | {{reflist|2}} | ||
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[[Category:Endocrinology]] | [[Category:Endocrinology]] | ||
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Revision as of 19:14, 21 July 2016
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Cretinism is a condition of severely stunted physical and mental growth due to untreated congenital deficiency of thyroid hormones (hypothyroidism). The term cretin refers to a person so affected. Cretinism is an old name used for congenital hypothyroidism. It includes sporadic cretinism and endemic cretinism. Sporadic cretinism is caused by gene mutations, radiation, drugs and so on. Usual symptoms are neurological impairment, low metabolism conditions and infertility. Thyroid hormone replacement is the main treatment. Endemic cretinism results from a diet deficient in iodine. Iodine deficiency results in enlargement of the thyroid gland, physical development hypoevolutism and mental development impairment. As a public health problem, many countries have established the policy of iodine administration.