Hyperparathyroidism overview: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
'''Hyperparathyroidism''' is overactivity of the [[parathyroid gland]]s resulting in excess production of [[parathyroid hormone]] (PTH). The parathyroid hormone monitors calcium and phosphorus levels and helps to maintain these levels. Overactivity of one or more of the parathyroid glands causes high calcium levels (hypercalcemia) and low levels of phosphorus in the blood [2]. Hyperparathyroidism was first described and treated in the 1930s by [[Fuller Albright]] of [[Massachusetts General Hospital]], working at the [[Mallinckrodt General Clinical Research Center]]. The oldest known case was found in a cadaver from a Early Neolithic cemetery in southwest Germany.<ref name="pmid15632333">{{cite journal |author=Zink AR, Panzer S, Fesq-Martin M, Burger-Heinrich E, Wahl J, Nerlich AG |title=Evidence for a 7000-year-old case of primary hyperparathyroidism |journal=JAMA |volume=293 |issue=1 |pages=40-2 |year=2005 |pmid=15632333 |doi=10.1001/jama.293.1.40-c}}</ref> | '''Hyperparathyroidism''' is overactivity of the [[parathyroid gland]]s resulting in excess production of [[parathyroid hormone]] (PTH). The parathyroid hormone monitors calcium and phosphorus levels and helps to maintain these levels. Overactivity of one or more of the parathyroid glands causes high calcium levels (hypercalcemia) and low levels of phosphorus in the blood [2]. Hyperparathyroidism was first described and treated in the 1930s by [[Fuller Albright]] of [[Massachusetts General Hospital]], working at the [[Mallinckrodt General Clinical Research Center]]. The oldest known case was found in a cadaver from a Early Neolithic cemetery in southwest Germany.<ref name="pmid15632333">{{cite journal |author=Zink AR, Panzer S, Fesq-Martin M, Burger-Heinrich E, Wahl J, Nerlich AG |title=Evidence for a 7000-year-old case of primary hyperparathyroidism |journal=JAMA |volume=293 |issue=1 |pages=40-2 |year=2005 |pmid=15632333 |doi=10.1001/jama.293.1.40-c}}</ref> | ||
==Historical Perspective== | |||
==Classification== | |||
==Pathophysiology== | |||
==Causes== | |||
==Differentiating ((Page name)) from Other Diseases== | |||
==Epidemiology and Demographics== | |||
==Risk Factors== | |||
==Screening== | |||
==Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis== | |||
==Diagnosis== | |||
===Diagnostic Criteria=== | |||
===History and Symptoms=== | |||
===Physical Examination=== | |||
===Laboratory Findings=== | |||
===Electrocardiogram=== | |||
===X-ray=== | |||
===CT scan=== | |||
===MRI=== | |||
===Ultrasound=== | |||
===Other Imaging Findings=== | |||
===Other Diagnostic Studies=== | |||
==Treatment== | |||
===Medical Therapy=== | |||
===Surgery=== | |||
===Primary Prevention=== | |||
===Secondary Prevention=== | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist|2}} | |||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Overview
Hyperparathyroidism is overactivity of the parathyroid glands resulting in excess production of parathyroid hormone (PTH). The parathyroid hormone monitors calcium and phosphorus levels and helps to maintain these levels. Overactivity of one or more of the parathyroid glands causes high calcium levels (hypercalcemia) and low levels of phosphorus in the blood [2]. Hyperparathyroidism was first described and treated in the 1930s by Fuller Albright of Massachusetts General Hospital, working at the Mallinckrodt General Clinical Research Center. The oldest known case was found in a cadaver from a Early Neolithic cemetery in southwest Germany.[1]
Historical Perspective
Classification
Pathophysiology
Causes
Differentiating ((Page name)) from Other Diseases
Epidemiology and Demographics
Risk Factors
Screening
Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis
Diagnosis
Diagnostic Criteria
History and Symptoms
Physical Examination
Laboratory Findings
Electrocardiogram
X-ray
CT scan
MRI
Ultrasound
Other Imaging Findings
Other Diagnostic Studies
Treatment
Medical Therapy
Surgery
Primary Prevention
Secondary Prevention
References
- ↑ Zink AR, Panzer S, Fesq-Martin M, Burger-Heinrich E, Wahl J, Nerlich AG (2005). "Evidence for a 7000-year-old case of primary hyperparathyroidism". JAMA. 293 (1): 40–2. doi:10.1001/jama.293.1.40-c. PMID 15632333.