Pleural effusion causes: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
===Common Causes=== | |||
The most common causes of '''transudative''' pleural effusions in the United States are [[heart failure|left ventricular failure]], [[pulmonary embolism]], and [[cirrhosis]] (causing hepatic hydrothorax), while the most common causes of '''exudative''' pleural effusions are bacterial [[pneumonia]], cancer (with [[lung cancer]], [[breast cancer]], and [[lymphoma]] causing approximately 75% of all malignant pleural effusions), viral infection, and [[pulmonary embolism]]. Although pulmonary embolism can produce either transudative or exudative pleural effusions, the latter is more common. | The most common causes of '''transudative''' pleural effusions in the United States are [[heart failure|left ventricular failure]], [[pulmonary embolism]], and [[cirrhosis]] (causing hepatic hydrothorax), while the most common causes of '''exudative''' pleural effusions are bacterial [[pneumonia]], cancer (with [[lung cancer]], [[breast cancer]], and [[lymphoma]] causing approximately 75% of all malignant pleural effusions), viral infection, and [[pulmonary embolism]]. Although pulmonary embolism can produce either transudative or exudative pleural effusions, the latter is more common. | ||
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Pleural effusions may also occur through medical/surgical interventions, including the use of medications (pleural fluid is usually [[eosinophilic]]), [[coronary artery bypass surgery]], abdominal surgery, endoscopic variceal sclerotherapy, [[radiation therapy]], liver or lung transplantation, and intra-or extravascular insertion of central lines. | Pleural effusions may also occur through medical/surgical interventions, including the use of medications (pleural fluid is usually [[eosinophilic]]), [[coronary artery bypass surgery]], abdominal surgery, endoscopic variceal sclerotherapy, [[radiation therapy]], liver or lung transplantation, and intra-or extravascular insertion of central lines. | ||
===Causes by Organ System=== | |||
===Causes in Alphabetical Order=== | |||
{{MultiCol}} | |||
*[[Abdominal abscess]] | |||
*[[Abdominal surgery]] | |||
*[[Actinomycosis]] | |||
*[[Adenocarcinoma of pleura]] | |||
*[[Anthrax]] | |||
*[[Asbestosis]] | |||
*[[Aspergillosis]] | |||
*[[Atypical mycobacteria]] | |||
*[[Blastomycosis]] | |||
*[[Breast cancer]] | |||
*[[Bromocriptine]] | |||
*[[Bronchial neoplasm]] | |||
*[[Bronchogenic carcinoma]] | |||
*[[Cabergoline]] | |||
*[[CABG]] | |||
*[[Central line insertion]] | |||
*[[Central venous catheter]] | |||
*[[Central venous obstruction]] | |||
*[[Chest trauma]] | |||
*[[Chronic renal failure]] | |||
*[[Churg-Strauss syndrome]] | |||
*[[Chylothorax]] | |||
*[[Cirrhosis of liver]] | |||
*[[Coccidioidomycosis]] | |||
*[[Congestive heart failure]] | |||
*[[Constrictive pericarditis]] | |||
*[[Dasatinib]] | |||
*[[Diaphragmatic hernia]] | |||
*[[Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma]] | |||
*[[Dressler's syndrome]] | |||
*[[EBV associated lymphoproliferative syndrome]] | |||
*[[Empyema]] | |||
*[[Endoscopic variceal sclerotherapy]] | |||
*[[Esophageal perforation]] | |||
*[[Everolimus]] | |||
*[[Extensive atelectasis]] | |||
*[[Extramedullary haemopoiesis in the pleura]] | |||
*[[Fetal indomethacin syndrome]] | |||
*[[Francisella tularensis ]] | |||
*[[Gorham's disease]] | |||
*[[Haemothorax]] | |||
*[[Hepatic failure]] | |||
*[[Hydatid disease]] | |||
*[[Hypoproteinemia]] | |||
*[[Jaffe-Campanacci syndrome]] | |||
*[[Kaposi sarcoma]] | |||
*[[Lisuride]] | |||
*[[Liver transplantation]] | |||
{{ColBreak}} | |||
*[[Lung cancer]] | |||
*[[Lung cancer]] | |||
*[[Lung transplantation]] | |||
*[[Lupus pleuritis]] | |||
*[[Lymphangiomyomatosis]] | |||
*[[Lymphoma]] | |||
*[[Malignancy]] | |||
*[[Malnutrition]] | |||
*[[Meigs' syndrome]] | |||
*[[Mesothelioma]] | |||
*[[Myxedema]] | |||
*[[Nephrotic syndrome]] | |||
*[[Neurofibromatosis]] | |||
*[[Non-Hodgkin lymphoma]] | |||
*[[Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome]] | |||
*[[Pancreas disease]] | |||
*[[Pancreatitis]] | |||
*[[Paragonimiasis]] | |||
*[[Pergolide]] | |||
*[[Piribedil]] | |||
*[[Pleurisy]] | |||
*[[Pleuritis]] | |||
*[[Post open heart surgery]] | |||
*[[Pneumonia]] | |||
*[[Protein-losing enteritis]] | |||
*[[Pseudo-Meigs syndrome]] | |||
*[[Pulmonary edema]] | |||
*[[Pulmonary embolus]] | |||
*[[Pulmonary hypertension]] | |||
*[[Pulmonary infarction]] | |||
*[[Radiation]] | |||
*[[Radiotherapy]] | |||
*[[Recurrent polyserositis]] | |||
*[[Restrictive cardiomyopathy]] | |||
*[[Rheumatoid arthritis]] | |||
*[[Ropinirole]] | |||
*[[Sarcoidosis]] | |||
*[[Scrub typhus]] | |||
*[[Sjogrens syndrome]] | |||
*[[Subphrenic abscess]] | |||
*[[Superior vena cava syndrome]] | |||
*[[Systemic lupus erythematosus]] | |||
*[[Tuberculosis]] | |||
*[[Uhl anomaly]] | |||
*[[Urinothorax]] | |||
*[[Wegener's granulomatosis]] | |||
*[[Whipple's disease]] | |||
*[[Yellow nail syndrome ]] | |||
{{EndMultiCol}} | |||
==References== | ==References== |
Revision as of 21:07, 31 October 2012
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Causes
Common Causes
The most common causes of transudative pleural effusions in the United States are left ventricular failure, pulmonary embolism, and cirrhosis (causing hepatic hydrothorax), while the most common causes of exudative pleural effusions are bacterial pneumonia, cancer (with lung cancer, breast cancer, and lymphoma causing approximately 75% of all malignant pleural effusions), viral infection, and pulmonary embolism. Although pulmonary embolism can produce either transudative or exudative pleural effusions, the latter is more common.
Other causes of pleural effusion include, tuberculosis (though pleural fluid smears are rarely positive for AFB, this is the most common cause of pleural effusion in some developing countries), autoimmune disease such as systemic lupus erythematosus, bleeding (often due to chest trauma), chylothorax (most commonly caused by trauma), and accidental infusion of fluids. Less common causes include, esophageal rupture or pancreatic disease, intraabdominal abscess, rheumatoid arthritis, asbestos pleural effusion, Meig's syndrome (ascites and pleural effusion due to a benign ovarian tumor), and ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome.
Pleural effusions may also occur through medical/surgical interventions, including the use of medications (pleural fluid is usually eosinophilic), coronary artery bypass surgery, abdominal surgery, endoscopic variceal sclerotherapy, radiation therapy, liver or lung transplantation, and intra-or extravascular insertion of central lines.
Causes by Organ System
Causes in Alphabetical Order