Hematuria causes

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Causes

Common Causes

Common causes of macroscopic hematuria/ haematuria (i.e. blood visible in the urine) include:

• Benign familial hematuria
• Urinary Schistosomiasis (caused by Schistosoma haematobium) - a major cause for hematuria in many African and Middle-Eastern countries;
• IgA nephropathy ("Berger's disease") - occurs during viral infections in predisposed patients;
• Kidney stones (or bladder stones, now a rare disease);
• Bladder cancer;
• Renal cell carcinoma - occasionally presents with bleeding;
• Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria - a rare disease where hemoglobin of hemolysed cells is passed into the urine.
• Urinary tract infection with some bacterial species including strains of EPEC and Staphylococcus saprophyticus
• Sickle cell trait can precipitate large amounts of red blood cell discharge, but only a small number of individuals endure this problem
• Arteriovenous malformation of the kidney (rare, but may impress like renal cell carcinoma on scans as both are highly vascular)
• Nephritic syndrome ( a condition associated with post-streptococcal and rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis.
• Ureteral Pelvic Junction Obstruction (UPJ) is a rare condition beginning from birth in which the ureter is blocked between the kidney and bladder. This condition may cause blood in the urine.

Main Causes

• Bladder carcinoma
• Contamination during menstruation
• Cystitis
• Glomerulonephritis
• Prostatic hypertrophy
• Pyelonephritis
• Prostatitis
• Renal carcinoma
• Stones
• Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)

Other Causes

• Acute/chronic Cystitis
• Acute intestinal nephritis
• Adenovirus
• After Endocarditis
• Allergic Granulomatosis
• Alport's Syndrome
• Analgesic kidney
• Arteriosclerosis
• Balkan Nephropathy
• Beeturia
• Benign familial hematuria
• Berger's Disease
• Bilharziosis
• Bladder infiltration
• Bladder tuberculosis
• Calyx Diverticulum
• Chemotherapeutics
• Consumption coagulopathy
• Crescentic glomerulonephritis
• Cystic kidneys
• Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
• Dermatosclerosis
• Diabetes Mellitus
• Diabetic glomerulosclerosis/diabetic nephropathy
• Drugs
• ECHO viruses (Enteric Cytopathic Human Orphan)
• E.coli
• Endometriosis
• Fabry's Disease
• Factor lack
• Filaria
• Fistula
• Focal glomerulotnephritis
• Foods
• Foreign body in urethra
• Goodpasture's Syndrome
• Heart failure
• Heavy exercise
• Hemoglobinopathy
• Hemophilia
• Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome
• Hemorrhage from bladder outlet
• Hemorrhage from urethra
• Hepatitis B
• Hydronephrosis
• Hypernephroma
• Hypertension
• Inflammation
• Influenza
• Injury
• Kidney Amyloidosis
• Kidney cell carcinoma
• Kidney tuberculosis
• Legionella Infection
• Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
• Malignant Hypertension
• Masturbation
• Meatus Stenosis
• Megaureter
• Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
• Metastases
• Mononucleosis
• Multiple Myeloma
• Mycoplasma
• Myoglobinuria
• Nail-Patella Syndrome
• Neoplasm
• Nephrocalcinosis
• Nephrolithiasis
• Osler's Disease
• Polyarteritis Nodosa
• Polycystic Kidney Disease
• Polycythemia Vera
• Porphyria
• Postinfectious glomerulonephritis
• Plasmodium
• Prostate adenoma
• Prostate carcinoma
• Prostate hyperplasia
• Prostate tuberculosis
• Pseudomonas
• Pyelonephritis
• Radiation nephropathy
• Renal artery aneurysm
• Renal cyst
• Renal hyperplasia
• Renal infarct
• Renal pelvis carcinoma
• Renal Stones
• Renal trauma
• Renal vein infarct
• Renal Vein Thrombosis
• Salmonella
• Sarcoidosis
• Schistosoma
• Schonlein-Henoch's Disease
• Shock
• Shunt nephritis
• Sickle Cell Anemia
• Sponge kidney
• Staphylococci
• Streptococci
• Thalassemia
• Thin Basement Membrane Disease
• Thrombocytopathies
• Thrombocytopenia
• Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
• Toxins
• Toxoplasma
• Trauma
• Traumatic kidney lesion
• Trichinella Spiralis
• Tubulointerstitial nephropathies, nephritis
• Tumor
• Urate nephropathy
• Ureter carcinoma
• Ureter tuberculosis
• Urethra carcinoma
• Urethral carbuncle
• Urethral valves
• Urethritis
• Urethrolithiasis
• Urogential tuberculosis
• Urolithiasis
• Urothelium carcinoma
• Varicella
• Vesical calculi
• Vesico-ureteral-renal reflux
• Warfarin therapy (overdose)
• Wegener's Granulomatosis
• Wilms' Tumor