Non-Polio enterovirus infections pathophysiology: Difference between revisions
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Enteroviruses can be found in [[respiratory]] secretions (e.g., [[saliva]], [[sputum]], or [[nasal mucus]]) and [[stool]] of an infected person. Other persons may become infected by direct contact with secretions or [[stool]] from an infected person or by contact with contaminated surfaces or objects, such as a drinking glass or telephone. Parents, teachers, and child care center workers may also become infected by contamination of the hands with stool from an infected infant or toddler during diaper changes. | Enteroviruses can be found in [[respiratory]] secretions (e.g., [[saliva]], [[sputum]], or [[nasal mucus]]) and [[stool]] of an infected person. Other persons may become infected by direct contact with secretions or [[stool]] from an infected person or by contact with contaminated surfaces or objects, such as a drinking glass or telephone. Parents, teachers, and child care center workers may also become infected by contamination of the hands with stool from an infected infant or toddler during diaper changes. | ||
==Pathophysiology== | |||
===Genetics=== | |||
Enteroviruses are members of the [[picornavirus]] family, a large and diverse group of small [[RNA viruses]] characterized by a single positive-strand genomic RNA. All enteroviruses contain a [[genome]] of approximately 7,500 bases and are known to have a high [[mutation rate]] due to [[Virus#Replication_cycle|low-fidelity replication]] and frequent [[genetic recombination|recombination]].<ref name=China>{{cite journal |author=Li L, He Y, Yang H, ''et al.'' |title=Genetic Characteristics of Human Enterovirus 71 and Coxsackievirus A16 Circulating from 1999 to 2004 in Shenzhen, People's Republic of China |journal=J. Clin. Microbiol. |volume=43 |issue=8 |pages=3835–9 |year=2005 |pmid=16081920 |pmc=1233905 |doi=10.1128/JCM.43.8.3835-3839.2005 |url=http://jcm.asm.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=16081920}}</ref> After infection of the host cell, the genome is translated in a cap-independent manner into a single [[polyprotein]], which is subsequently processed by virus-encoded [[protease]]s into the structural [[capsid]] proteins and the nonstructural proteins, which are mainly involved in the replication of the virus.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Merkle I, van Ooij MJ, van Kuppeveld FJ, ''et al.'' |title=Biological Significance of a Human Enterovirus B-Specific RNA Element in the 3′ Nontranslated Region |journal=J. Virol. |volume=76 |issue=19 |pages=9900–9 |year=2002 |pmid=12208967 |pmc=136489 |doi= 10.1128/JVI.76.19.9900-9909.2002|url=http://jvi.asm.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=12208967}}</ref> | |||
== References == | == References == |
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Overview
Enteroviruses can be found in respiratory secretions (e.g., saliva, sputum, or nasal mucus) and stool of an infected person. Other persons may become infected by direct contact with secretions or stool from an infected person or by contact with contaminated surfaces or objects, such as a drinking glass or telephone. Parents, teachers, and child care center workers may also become infected by contamination of the hands with stool from an infected infant or toddler during diaper changes.
Pathophysiology
Genetics
Enteroviruses are members of the picornavirus family, a large and diverse group of small RNA viruses characterized by a single positive-strand genomic RNA. All enteroviruses contain a genome of approximately 7,500 bases and are known to have a high mutation rate due to low-fidelity replication and frequent recombination.[1] After infection of the host cell, the genome is translated in a cap-independent manner into a single polyprotein, which is subsequently processed by virus-encoded proteases into the structural capsid proteins and the nonstructural proteins, which are mainly involved in the replication of the virus.[2]
References
- ↑ Li L, He Y, Yang H; et al. (2005). "Genetic Characteristics of Human Enterovirus 71 and Coxsackievirus A16 Circulating from 1999 to 2004 in Shenzhen, People's Republic of China". J. Clin. Microbiol. 43 (8): 3835–9. doi:10.1128/JCM.43.8.3835-3839.2005. PMC 1233905. PMID 16081920.
- ↑ Merkle I, van Ooij MJ, van Kuppeveld FJ; et al. (2002). "Biological Significance of a Human Enterovirus B-Specific RNA Element in the 3′ Nontranslated Region". J. Virol. 76 (19): 9900–9. doi:10.1128/JVI.76.19.9900-9909.2002. PMC 136489. PMID 12208967.