Non-Polio enterovirus infections overview: Difference between revisions
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== Overview == | == Overview == | ||
'''Enteroviruses''' are a genus of [[Positive sense#RNA sense in viruses|positive-sense]] single-stranded [[RNA virus]]es associated with several human and mammalian diseases. [[Serologic]] studies have distinguished 66 human enterovirus [[serotype]]s on the basis of [[antibody]] neutralization tests. Additional [[antigen]]ic variants have been defined within several of the serotypes on the basis of reduced or nonreciprocal cross-neutralization between variant strains. On the basis of their [[pathogenesis]] in humans and animals, the enteroviruses were originally classified into four groups, polioviruses, Coxsackie A viruses (CA), Coxsackie B viruses (CB), and echoviruses, but it was quickly realized that there were significant overlaps in the biological properties of viruses in the different groups. Enteroviruses isolated more recently are named with a system of consecutive numbers: EV68, EV69, EV70, and EV71, etc.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Oberste MS, Maher K, Kilpatrick DR, Pallansch MA |title=Molecular Evolution of the Human Enteroviruses: Correlation of Serotype with VP1 Sequence and Application to Picornavirus Classification |journal=J. Virol. |volume=73 |issue=3 |pages=1941–8 |year=1999 |pmid=9971773 |pmc=104435 |doi= |url=http://jvi.asm.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=9971773}}</ref>. | '''Enteroviruses''' are a genus of [[Positive sense#RNA sense in viruses|positive-sense]] single-stranded [[RNA virus]]es associated with several human and mammalian diseases. [[Serologic]] studies have distinguished 66 human enterovirus [[serotype]]s on the basis of [[antibody]] neutralization tests. Additional [[antigen]]ic variants have been defined within several of the serotypes on the basis of reduced or nonreciprocal cross-neutralization between variant strains. | ||
==Classification== | |||
On the basis of their [[pathogenesis]] in humans and animals, the enteroviruses were originally classified into four groups, polioviruses, Coxsackie A viruses (CA), Coxsackie B viruses (CB), and echoviruses, but it was quickly realized that there were significant overlaps in the biological properties of viruses in the different groups. Enteroviruses isolated more recently are named with a system of consecutive numbers: EV68, EV69, EV70, and EV71, etc.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Oberste MS, Maher K, Kilpatrick DR, Pallansch MA |title=Molecular Evolution of the Human Enteroviruses: Correlation of Serotype with VP1 Sequence and Application to Picornavirus Classification |journal=J. Virol. |volume=73 |issue=3 |pages=1941–8 |year=1999 |pmid=9971773 |pmc=104435 |doi= |url=http://jvi.asm.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=9971773}}</ref>. | |||
==Pathophysiology== | |||
Enteroviruses can be found in [[respiratory]] secretions (e.g., [[saliva]], [[sputum]], or [[nasal mucus]]) and [[stool]] of an infected person. Other persons may become infected by direct contact with secretions or [[stool]] from an infected person or by contact with contaminated surfaces or objects, such as a drinking glass or telephone. Parents, teachers, and child care center workers may also become infected by contamination of the hands with stool from an infected infant or toddler during diaper changes. | |||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
Revision as of 20:09, 14 December 2012
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Overview
Enteroviruses are a genus of positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses associated with several human and mammalian diseases. Serologic studies have distinguished 66 human enterovirus serotypes on the basis of antibody neutralization tests. Additional antigenic variants have been defined within several of the serotypes on the basis of reduced or nonreciprocal cross-neutralization between variant strains.
Classification
On the basis of their pathogenesis in humans and animals, the enteroviruses were originally classified into four groups, polioviruses, Coxsackie A viruses (CA), Coxsackie B viruses (CB), and echoviruses, but it was quickly realized that there were significant overlaps in the biological properties of viruses in the different groups. Enteroviruses isolated more recently are named with a system of consecutive numbers: EV68, EV69, EV70, and EV71, etc.[1].
Pathophysiology
Enteroviruses can be found in respiratory secretions (e.g., saliva, sputum, or nasal mucus) and stool of an infected person. Other persons may become infected by direct contact with secretions or stool from an infected person or by contact with contaminated surfaces or objects, such as a drinking glass or telephone. Parents, teachers, and child care center workers may also become infected by contamination of the hands with stool from an infected infant or toddler during diaper changes.