Congenital rubella syndrome other diagnostic studies

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Other Diagnostic Studies

PCR (real-time RT-PCR, RT-PCR)

Rubella virus can be detected from nasal, throat, urine, and blood specimens from infants with CRS. Efforts should be made to obtain clinical specimens for virus isolation from infants at the time of the initial investigation. However, because infants with CRS may shed virus from the throat and urine for a prolonged period (a year or longer), specimens obtained later may also yield rubella virus.

As with rubella infection, molecular typing is recommended because it provides important epidemiologic information to track the epidemiology of rubella in the United States now that rubella virus no longer continuously circulates in this country. By comparing virus sequences from new case-patients with virus sequences from other cases, the origin of particular virus types in this country can be tracked. Furthermore, this information may help in documenting the maintenance of the elimination of endemic rubella virus transmission. Specimens for molecular typing should be obtained from patients with CRS as soon as possible after diagnosis. Appropriate specimens include throat swabs, urine, and cataracts from surgery. Specimens for virus detection and molecular typing should be sent to CDC as directed by the state health department.