Acute renal failure causes: Difference between revisions
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|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency]], [[McArdle disease]], [[ | |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency]], [[McArdle disease]], [[Glycogen storage disease type V]] | ||
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Revision as of 01:38, 26 December 2012
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Acute renal failure Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Case Studies |
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Acute renal failure causes On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Acute renal failure causes |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Acute renal failure causes |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Causes
Acute renal failure is usually categorised (as in the flowchart below) according to pre-renal, renal and post-renal causes.
| Acute Renal Failure | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Pre-renal | Renal | Post-renal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pre-renal (compromise in the renal blood flow)
- Hypovolemia (decreased blood volume) -
- Shock, hemorrhage, burns, dehydration
- Fluid loss from diuretics use, diabetes mellitus, hypoadrenalism
- Gastrointestinal fluid loss: vomiting, surgical drainage, diarrhea
- Extra-vascular space sequestration: pancreatitis, hypoalbuminemia, peritonitis, trauma, burns
- Low cardiac output -
- Cardiac arrhthymia's
- Congestive heart failure: left ventricular failure, right ventricular failure
- Valvular disorders: severe aortic stenosis
- Severe pulmonary hypertension, massive pulmonary emobolism
- Systemic vasodilatation -
- Hepatorenal syndrome in which renal perfusion is compromised in liver failure (cirrhosis with ascites)
- Vascular problems -
- Atheroembolic disease
- Renal vein thrombosis (which can occur as a complication of the nephrotic syndrome)
- Renal hypoperfusion from cyclooxygenase inhibitors, ACE inhibitors
- Renal vasoconstriction from hypercalcemia, cyclosporine, tacrolimus and amphotericin B
- Hyperviscosity syndrome -
Renal (damage to the kidney itself)
- Diseases affecting the renal vasculature -
- Renal arterial obstruction: atherosclerosis, dissecting aneurysm, thrombosis, embolism
- Renal venous obstruction: thrombosis of the veins
- Diseases affecting the renal glomeruli -
- Glomerulonephritis, which may be due to a variety of causes, such as anti glomerular basement membrane disease/ Goodpasture's syndrome, Wegener's granulomatosis or acute lupus nephritis with systemic lupus erythematosus
- Vasculitis
- Accelerated hypertension
- Hemolytic uremic syndrome
- Acute tubular necrosis from
- Ischemia - Same causes as for pre-renal failure
- Toxins - Radiocontrast agents, aminoglycosides, cisplatin, acetaminophen, myoglobin from rhabdomyolysis, hemosiderin from hemolysis, light chain immunoglobulins in multiple myeloma, uric acid crystals, etc.
- Interstitial nephritis
- Infections: Acute pyelonephritis, cytomegalovirus infection, etc.
- Allergic: Penicillin's, sulphonamides, rifampin, diuretics, ACE inhibitors
- Infiltration: Malignancies (leukemias and lymphoma's)
- Graft rejection
Post-renal (obstructive causes in the urinary tract)
- Ureteric:
- Ureteric calculi
- Blood clot
- Sloughed renal pappilae
- External compression (retroperitoneal fibrosis)
- Bladder:
- Medication interfering with normal bladder emptying
- Neurogenic bladder
- Benign prostatic hypertrophy or prostate cancer.
- Urethal:
- Obstructed urinary catheter
- Urethral strictures
- Phimosis
- Posterior urethral valve
Complete list of Causes by Organ System
Causes in Alphabetical Order