Upper gastrointestinal bleeding overview: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
No edit summary
No edit summary
Line 1: Line 1:
__NOTOC__
__NOTOC__
{{Upper gastrointestinal bleeding}}
{{Upper gastrointestinal bleeding}}
{{CMG}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}}
 
==Overview==
==Overview==
'''Upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding''' refers to [[hemorrhage]] in the [[upper gastrointestinal tract]].  The anatomic cut-off for upper GI bleeding is the [[ligament of Treitz]], which connects the fourth portion of the [[duodenum]] to the [[Thoracic diaphragm|diaphragm]] near the [[splenic flexure]] of the [[colon (anatomy)|colon]].


Upper GI bleeds are considered [[medical emergencies]], and require admission to [[hospital]] for urgent diagnosis and management.  Due to advances in [[proton pump inhibitors|medications]] and [[endoscopy]], upper GI hemorrhage is now usually treated without surgery.
==Historical Perspective==


==Classification==
==Classification==
Patients are usually stratified into having either '''[[esophageal varices|variceal]]''' or '''non-variceal''' sources of upper GI hemorrhage, as the two have different treatment algorithms and prognosis.
 
==Pathophysiology==
 
==Causes==
 
==Differentiating ((Page name)) from Other Diseases==
 
==Epidemiology and Demographics==
 
==Risk Factors==
 
==Screening==
 
==Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis==
 
 
==Diagnosis==
==Diagnosis==
===Diagnostic Criteria===
===History and Symptoms===
===History and Symptoms===
Patients with upper GI hemorrhage often present with [[hematemesis]], [[coffee ground vomiting]], [[melena]], maroon stool, or [[hematochezia]] if the hemorrhage is severe.  The presentation of bleeding depends on the amount and location of hemorrhage.


Patients may also present with complications of [[anemia]], including chest pain, [[syncope]], [[fatigue (physical)|fatigue]] and shortness of breath.
===Physical Examination===
 
===Laboratory Findings===
 
===Electrocardiogram===
 
===X-ray===
 
===Ultrasound===
 
===CT scan===
 
===MRI===
 
===Other Imaging Findings===
 
===Other Diagnostic Studies===
 
==Treatment==
==Treatment==
===Medical Therapy===
===Surgery===
===Surgery===
Some refractory cases of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage may require surgery to oversew or remove the area of hemorrhage.
 
===Primary Prevention===
 
===Secondary Prevention===
 
==References==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist|2}}

Revision as of 20:06, 12 October 2017

Upper gastrointestinal bleeding Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Study of Choice

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

X-ray

Echocardiography and Ultrasound

CT scan

MRI

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Management

Initial resuscitation
Pharmacotherapy
Risk stratification

Surgery

Surgical Management
Endoscopic Intervention

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Guidelines for Management

Case Studies

Case #1

Upper gastrointestinal bleeding overview On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Upper gastrointestinal bleeding overview

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Upper gastrointestinal bleeding overview

CDC on Upper gastrointestinal bleeding overview

Upper gastrointestinal bleeding overview in the news

Blogs on Upper gastrointestinal bleeding overview

Directions to Hospitals Treating Upper gastrointestinal bleeding

Risk calculators and risk factors for Upper gastrointestinal bleeding overview

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating ((Page name)) from Other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Criteria

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

X-ray

Ultrasound

CT scan

MRI

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

References


Template:WikiDoc Sources