Hyperchloremia overview: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
''Hyperchloremia'' is an [[electrolyte disturbance]] in which there is an abnormally elevated level of the [[chloride]] ion in the [[blood]]. The normal serum range for chloride is 97 to 107 mEq/L. Hyperchloremia is defined as a chloride concentration exceeding this level. | ''Hyperchloremia'' is an [[electrolyte disturbance]] in which there is an abnormally elevated level of the [[chloride]] ion in the [[blood]]. The normal serum range for chloride is 97 to 107 mEq/L. Hyperchloremia is defined as a chloride concentration exceeding this level. | ||
==Causes== | |||
Elevations in chloride may be associated with [[diarrhea]], certain [[kidney]] diseases, and overactivity of the [[parathyroid gland]]s. Hyperchloremia is often [[comorbidity|comorbid]] with [[diabetes]] or [[hyponatremia]]. Certain drugs, especially [[diuretic]]s such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, [[hormone|hormonal]] treatments, and [[polypharmacy]], may contribute to this disorder. | |||
==Diagnosis== | |||
===History and Symptoms=== | |||
Often hyperchloremia does not produce any symptoms. However, hyperchloremia is sometimes associated with excess fluid loss such as vomiting and diarrhea. If the sufferer is a diabetic, hyperchloremia may lead to poor control of blood sugar levels, causing them to become elevated. Hyperchloremia can be symptomatic with signs of Kussmaul's breathing, weakness, and intense thirst. | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist|2}} | {{reflist|2}} | ||
Revision as of 14:58, 8 February 2013
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Hyperchloremia is an electrolyte disturbance in which there is an abnormally elevated level of the chloride ion in the blood. The normal serum range for chloride is 97 to 107 mEq/L. Hyperchloremia is defined as a chloride concentration exceeding this level.
Causes
Elevations in chloride may be associated with diarrhea, certain kidney diseases, and overactivity of the parathyroid glands. Hyperchloremia is often comorbid with diabetes or hyponatremia. Certain drugs, especially diuretics such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, hormonal treatments, and polypharmacy, may contribute to this disorder.
Diagnosis
History and Symptoms
Often hyperchloremia does not produce any symptoms. However, hyperchloremia is sometimes associated with excess fluid loss such as vomiting and diarrhea. If the sufferer is a diabetic, hyperchloremia may lead to poor control of blood sugar levels, causing them to become elevated. Hyperchloremia can be symptomatic with signs of Kussmaul's breathing, weakness, and intense thirst.