Back pain causes: Difference between revisions

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==Overview==
==Overview==
Muscle strains (pulled muscles) are commonly identified as the cause of back pain, as are muscle imbalances. Pain from such an injury often remains as long as the muscle imbalances persist. The muscle imbalances cause a mechanical problem with the skeleton, building up pressure at points along the spine, which causes the pain. [[Ligament]] strain is a very common cause of back pain as well.<ref name="urlLigament Pain, Stretched, Torn Or Strained, Prolotherapy">{{cite web |url=http://wehelpwhathurts.homestead.com/ligamentpain.html |title=Ligament Pain, Stretched, Torn Or Strained, Prolotherapy |format= |work= |accessdate=2013-03-05}}</ref> Another cause of acute low back pain is a Meniscoid Occlusion. The more mobile regions of the spine have invaginations of the synovial membrane that act as a cushion to help the bones move over each other smoothly. The synovial membrane is well supplied with blood and nerves. When it becomes pinched or trapped it can cause sudden severe pain. The pinching causes the membrane to become inflamed, causing greater pressure and ongoing pain.
When back pain lasts more than three months, or if there is more radicular pain ([[sciatica]]) than back pain, a more specific [[diagnosis]] can usually be made. There are several common causes of back pain: for adults under age 50, these include [[ligament]] strain, nerve root irritation, [[spinal disc herniation]] and [[degenerative disc disease]] or isthmic spondylolisthesis; in adults over age 50, common causes also include [[Osteoarthritis|osteoarthritis (degenerative joint disease)]] and [[spinal stenosis]]<ref name="urlLower Back Pain Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment">{{cite web |url=http://www.spine-health.com/topics/cd/tlbp/type01.html |title=Lower Back Pain Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment |format= |work= |accessdate=2013-03-05}}</ref>, trauma, cancer, infection, fractures, and inflammatory disease.<ref name="urlBack Pain Information Page: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)">{{cite web |url=http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/backpain/backpain.htm |title=Back Pain Information Page: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) |format= |work= |accessdate=2013-03-05}}</ref>  Non-anatomical factors can also contribute to or cause back pain, such as [[Stress (medicine)|stress]], repressed anger, or [[depression (mood)|depression]]. Even if there is an anatomical cause for the pain, if depression is present it should also be treated concurrently.
When back pain lasts more than three months, or if there is more radicular pain ([[sciatica]]) than back pain, a more specific [[diagnosis]] can usually be made. There are several common causes of back pain: for adults under age 50, these include [[ligament]] strain, nerve root irritation, [[spinal disc herniation]] and [[degenerative disc disease]] or isthmic spondylolisthesis; in adults over age 50, common causes also include [[Osteoarthritis|osteoarthritis (degenerative joint disease)]] and [[spinal stenosis]]<ref name="urlLower Back Pain Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment">{{cite web |url=http://www.spine-health.com/topics/cd/tlbp/type01.html |title=Lower Back Pain Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment |format= |work= |accessdate=2013-03-05}}</ref>, trauma, cancer, infection, fractures, and inflammatory disease.<ref name="urlBack Pain Information Page: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)">{{cite web |url=http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/backpain/backpain.htm |title=Back Pain Information Page: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) |format= |work= |accessdate=2013-03-05}}</ref>  Non-anatomical factors can also contribute to or cause back pain, such as [[Stress (medicine)|stress]], repressed anger, or [[depression (mood)|depression]]. Even if there is an anatomical cause for the pain, if depression is present it should also be treated concurrently.


Revision as of 18:50, 6 March 2013

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

When back pain lasts more than three months, or if there is more radicular pain (sciatica) than back pain, a more specific diagnosis can usually be made. There are several common causes of back pain: for adults under age 50, these include ligament strain, nerve root irritation, spinal disc herniation and degenerative disc disease or isthmic spondylolisthesis; in adults over age 50, common causes also include osteoarthritis (degenerative joint disease) and spinal stenosis[1], trauma, cancer, infection, fractures, and inflammatory disease.[2] Non-anatomical factors can also contribute to or cause back pain, such as stress, repressed anger, or depression. Even if there is an anatomical cause for the pain, if depression is present it should also be treated concurrently.

Causes

Common Causes

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm, Angina pectoris, Aortic Dissection, Endocarditis (bacterial) Leriche's Syndrome, Myocardial infarction, Traumatic aortic rupture

Chemical / poisoning No underlying causes
Dermatologic Pilonidal cyst
Drug Side Effect

Abatacept, Acitretin, Albuterol, Aldesleukin, Alprazolam, Amitriptyline, Anagrelide, Angiotensin II receptor antagonist, Budesonide Inhalation Powder, Calcitonin Salmon Nasal Spray, Candesartan, Carbamazepine, Carboplatin, Cetuximab Injection, Clofarabine Injection, Cyanocobalamin Injection, Darbepoetin Alfa Injection, Daunorubicin, Desloratadine, Didanosine, Diflunisal, Dofetilide, Donepezil, Drotrecogin alfa, Efalizumab Injection, Epoetin Alfa Injection, Eszopiclone, Etodolac, Fenoprofen, Fexofenadine, Formoterol, Fulvestrant Injection, Glatiramer Injection, Ibandronate, Indinavir, Infliximab Injection, Leflunomide, Meclofenamate, Medroxyprogesterone Injection, Mefenamic Acid, Mesalamine, Modafinil, Mycophenolate, Nabumetone, Nateglinide oral, Olanzapine, Oxaliplatin injection, Oxcarbazepine, Oxybutynin, Pergolide, Piroxicam, Posaconazole, Praziquantel, Pregabalin, Ranibizumab injection, Repaglinide, Ribavirin, Risedronate, Rituximab injection, Rosiglitazone, Salsalate, Saquinavir, Sargramostim injection, Selegiline, Sibutramine, Sirolimus, Sodium oxybate, Solifenacin, Sulfinpyrazone, Sulindac, Sunitinib, Tacrolimus topical, Tadalafil, Tamsulosin, Tegaserod, Telbivudine, Telmisartan, Temozolomide, Terazosin, Valganciclovir, Valproic Acid, Valsartan, Vancomycin Hydrochloride, Vardenafil, Zolpidem, Zonisamide

Ear Nose Throat No underlying causes
Endocrine

Addisons disease, Cushing's Disease, Hyperparathyroidism (primary/secondary)

Environmental Cadmium poisoning
Gastroenterologic

Achalasia, Cholelithiasis, Pancreatitis, Peptic ulcer disease

Genetic

Marfan syndrome, Spina Bifida, Osteogenesis imperfecta, Sickle Cell Disease

Hematologic No underlying causes
Iatrogenic No underlying causes
Infectious Disease

Borreliosis, Cat scratch fever, Herpes Zoster, Pott's disease, Rift Valley fever, Urinary tract infection

Musculoskeletal / Ortho

Abnormal posturing, Abnormally flexible ribs, Ankylosing Spondylitis, Cervical fracture, Coxarthrosis, Cramp, Degenerative disc disease, Disc space infection, Dorsopathy, Gonarthrosis, Lumbar disc disease, Lumbar strain, Malignant processes of vertebral body, Myelofibrosis, Myositis, Myotendinosis, Osteoarthritis, Osteochondroma, Osteochondrosis, Osteogenesis imperfecta, Osteogenic Sarcoma, Osteomalacia, Osteomyelitis, Osteoporosis, Paget's Disease, Piriformis syndrome, Poliomyelitis, Polymyalgia Rheumatica, Pott's disease, Psoriatic Arthritis, Spinal disc herniation, Spinal fusion, Spinal stenosis, Spinal tumor, Spondylolisthesis, Spondylolysis, Spondylosis, Sacroiliitis, Sciatica, Scoliosis, Vertebral Fractures, Vertebral subluxation

Neurologic

Arachnoiditis, Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, Dural ectasia, Epidural abscess, Posterior Rami Syndrome, Subarachnoid hemorrhage, Syringomyelia, Tabes dorsalis, Transverse myelitis

Nutritional / Metabolic

Osteomalacia, Osteoporosis

Obstetric/Gynecologic

Cervical cancer, Childbirth, Ectopic pregnancy, Endometriosis, Menopause, Ovarian cancer, Pregnancy, Salpingitis

Oncologic

Cervical cancer, Desmoplastic small round cell tumor, Hemangioma, Lung cancer, Meningioma, Multiple Myeloma, Osteogenic Sarcoma, Ovarian cancer

Opthalmologic Reiter's Syndrome
Overdose / Toxicity Bearberry
Psychiatric

Alexithymia, Conversion syndrome, Psychosomatic, Tension myositis syndrome

Pulmonary

Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome, Lung cancer, Pleuritis, Pneumonia, Pulmonary embolism

Renal / Electrolyte

Chronic uteral obstruction, Nephrolithiasis, Polycystic kidney disease, Pyelonephritis, Renal osteodystrophy, Renal vein thrombosis

Rheum / Immune / Allergy

Ankylosing Spondylitis, Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, Rheumatoid Arthritis

Sexual No underlying causes
Trauma

Injury of Disci and ligaments

Urologic Acute prostatitis
Miscellaneous

Fibromyalgia, Chronic fatigue syndrome, Dysraphia, Facet Syndrome, Mediastinitis, Retroperitoneal fibrosis, Retroperitoneal hematoma, Scheuermann's Disease

Causes in Alphabetical Order


References

  1. ↑ "Lower Back Pain Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment". Retrieved 2013-03-05.
  2. ↑ "Back Pain Information Page: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)". Retrieved 2013-03-05.


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