Dehydration causes: Difference between revisions
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__NOTOC__ | __NOTOC__ | ||
{{Dehydration}} | {{Dehydration}} | ||
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{{CMG}} {{AE}} {{SME}} | {{CMG}} {{AE}} {{SME}} | ||
==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
===Common Causes=== | ===Common Causes=== | ||
In [[human]]s, dehydration can be caused by a wide range of [[disease]]s and states that impair | In [[human]]s, dehydration can be caused by a wide range of [[disease]]s and states that impair | ||
water [[homeostasis]] in the body. These include: | water [[homeostasis]] in the body. These include: | ||
* External or [[stress (medicine)|stress]]-related causes | * [[External]] or [[stress (medicine)|stress]]-related causes | ||
** Prolonged physical activity without consuming adequate water, especially in a hot and/or humid environment | ** Prolonged physical activity without consuming adequate water, especially in a hot and/or humid environment | ||
** Prolonged exposure to dry air, e.g., in high-flying airplanes (5-15% r.h.) | ** Prolonged exposure to dry air, e.g., in high-flying airplanes (5-15% r.h.) | ||
Revision as of 15:54, 19 April 2013
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [2] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Saumya Easaw, M.B.B.S.[3]
Causes
Common Causes
In humans, dehydration can be caused by a wide range of diseases and states that impair water homeostasis in the body. These include:
- External or stress-related causes
- Prolonged physical activity without consuming adequate water, especially in a hot and/or humid environment
- Prolonged exposure to dry air, e.g., in high-flying airplanes (5-15% r.h.)
- Survival situations, especially desert survival conditions
- Blood loss or hypotension due to physical trauma
- Diarrhea
- Hyperthermia
- Shock (hypovolemic)
- Vomiting
- Burns
- Lacrimation
- Malnutrition
- Electrolyte disturbance
- Hypernatremia (also caused by dehydration)
- Hyponatremia, especially from restricted salt diets
- Consumption of alcohol, caffeine or other diuretic substances.
- Fasting
- Recent rapid weight loss may reflect progressive depletion of fluid volume. (The loss of 1 L of fluid results in a weight loss of 1 kg, or 2.2 lb.)[1]
- Patient refusal of nutrition and hydration
- Electrolyte disturbance
- Other causes of obligate water loss
- Severe hyperglycemia, especially in Diabetes mellitus