Myasthenia gravis overview: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
'''Myasthenia gravis''' (literally "serious muscle-weakness"; from [[Greek language|Greek]] ''μύς'' "muscle", {{polytonic|''ἀσθένεια''}} "weakness", and [[Latin]] ''gravis'' "serious"; abbreviated MG) is a [[neuromuscular disease]] leading to fluctuating muscle weakness and [[fatigue (physical)|fatiguability]]. It is an [[autoimmunity|autoimmune disorder]], in which weakness is caused by circulating [[antibody|antibodies]] that block [[acetylcholine receptor]]s at the post-synaptic [[neuromuscular junction]],<ref name=Conti-Fine>{{cite journal |author=Conti-Fine BM, Milani M, Kaminski HJ |title=Myasthenia gravis: past, present, and future |journal=J. Clin. Invest. |volume=116 |issue=11 |pages=2843-54 |year=2006 |pmid=17080188 |doi=10.1172/JCI29894}} {{PMC|1626141}}</ref> inhibiting the stimulative effect of the [[neurotransmitter]] [[acetylcholine]]. Myasthenia is treated medically with [[cholinesterase inhibitor]]s or [[immunosuppressants]] and in selected cases with [[thymectomy]]. At 200-400 cases per million it is one of the less common [[autoimmune disorder]]s.<ref name=Conti-Fine/> | '''Myasthenia gravis''' (literally "serious muscle-weakness"; from [[Greek language|Greek]] ''μύς'' "muscle", {{polytonic|''ἀσθένεια''}} "weakness", and [[Latin]] ''gravis'' "serious"; abbreviated MG) is a [[neuromuscular disease]] leading to fluctuating muscle weakness and [[fatigue (physical)|fatiguability]]. It is an [[autoimmunity|autoimmune disorder]], in which weakness is caused by circulating [[antibody|antibodies]] that block [[acetylcholine receptor]]s at the post-synaptic [[neuromuscular junction]],<ref name=Conti-Fine>{{cite journal |author=Conti-Fine BM, Milani M, Kaminski HJ |title=Myasthenia gravis: past, present, and future |journal=J. Clin. Invest. |volume=116 |issue=11 |pages=2843-54 |year=2006 |pmid=17080188 |doi=10.1172/JCI29894}} {{PMC|1626141}}</ref> inhibiting the stimulative effect of the [[neurotransmitter]] [[acetylcholine]]. Myasthenia is treated medically with [[cholinesterase inhibitor]]s or [[immunosuppressants]] and in selected cases with [[thymectomy]]. At 200-400 cases per million it is one of the less common [[autoimmune disorder]]s.<ref name=Conti-Fine/> | ||
==Historical Perspective== | |||
==Classification== | |||
==Pathophysiology== | |||
==Causes== | |||
==Differentiating Myasthenia Gravis from other Diseases== | |||
==Epidemiology and Demographics== | |||
==Risk Factors== | |||
==Screening== | |||
==Natural History, Complications and Prognosis== | |||
==Diagnosis== | |||
===History and Symptoms=== | |||
===Physical Examination=== | |||
===Laboratory Findings=== | |||
===Electrocardiogram=== | |||
===Chest X Ray=== | |||
===CT=== | |||
===MRI=== | |||
===Echocardiography or Ultrasound=== | |||
===Other Imaging Findings=== | |||
===Other Diagnostic Studies=== | |||
==Treatment== | |||
===Surgery=== | |||
===Medical Therapy=== | |||
===Primary Prevention=== | |||
===Secondary Prevention=== | |||
===Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy=== | |||
===Future or Investigational Therapies=== | |||
==Case Studies== | |||
===Case #1=== | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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[[Category:Autoimmune diseases]] | [[Category:Autoimmune diseases]] | ||
[[Category:Neurology]] | [[Category:Neurology]] | ||
[[Category:Rheumatology]] | |||
{{WH}} | {{WH}} | ||
{{WS}} | {{WS}} | ||
Revision as of 13:52, 29 June 2016
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Myasthenia gravis (literally "serious muscle-weakness"; from Greek μύς "muscle", Template:Polytonic "weakness", and Latin gravis "serious"; abbreviated MG) is a neuromuscular disease leading to fluctuating muscle weakness and fatiguability. It is an autoimmune disorder, in which weakness is caused by circulating antibodies that block acetylcholine receptors at the post-synaptic neuromuscular junction,[1] inhibiting the stimulative effect of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Myasthenia is treated medically with cholinesterase inhibitors or immunosuppressants and in selected cases with thymectomy. At 200-400 cases per million it is one of the less common autoimmune disorders.[1]