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The mechanisms causing oliguria can be divided into several categories:
===Prerenal===
In response to [[hypoperfusion]] of the kidney (e.g. as a result of [[dehydration]] by poor oral intake, [[diarrhea]], massive [[bleeding]] or [[sepsis]])
===Renal===
Due to kidney damage (severe [[hypoperfusion]], [[rhabdomyolysis]], [[medication]])
===Postrenal===
As a consequence of obstruction of the urine flow (e.g. [[enlarged prostate]], tumor compression urinary outflow, expanding [[hematoma]] or fluid collection)
The decreased production of urine may be a sign of [[dehydration]], [[renal failure]] or [[urinary obstruction]]/[[urinary retention]].
===Postoperative Oliguria===
Patients usually have a decrease in urine output after a major operation that may be a normal physiological response to:
* Fluid/blood loss – decreased glomerular filtration rate secondary to [[hypovolemia]] and/or [[hypotension]]
* Response of adrenal cortex to stress -increase in [[aldosterone]] (Na and water retention) and [[antidiuretic hormone]] (ADH) release
===Oliguria in Infants===
Oliguria, when defined as less than 1 mL/kg/h, in [[infant]]s is not considered to be a reliable sign of renal failure.<ref>{{cite journal | author = Arant B | title = Postnatal development of renal function during the first year of life. | journal = Pediatr Nephrol | volume = 1 | issue = 3 | pages = 308-13 | year = 1987 | id = PMID 3153294}}</ref>==Risk Factors==
Patients having any of the conditions mentioned in the causes are at risk of oliguria.


==Reference==
==Reference==

Revision as of 18:18, 11 July 2013

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Mugilan Poongkunran M.B.B.S [2]

Causes

Common Causes

Reference

{Reflist|2}

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular Accelerated hypertension, Acute systemic inflammation following acute myocardial infarction, Aneurysmal rupture, Aortic valve ring and critical aortic stenosis, Atheroemboli, Bleeding, Bradyarrhythmias , Capillary leak, Cardiogenic shock, Cholesterol embolism, Complete heart block, Congenital heart disease, Dilated cardiomyopathies, Heart failure, Heat stroke, Hypovolemic shock, Malignant hypertension, myocardial depression , myocardial shock, Myocardial stunning , pericardial tamponade, , Preclampsia, Renal artery stenosis, severe constrictive pericarditis , Superior mesenteric artery occlusion, vasculitis
Chemical/Poisoning Camphor, Carbon-monoxide
Dental No underlying causes
Dermatologic Anaphylaxis and anaphylactoid reactions, Erythroderma, Sweating
Drug Side Effect ACE inhibitors, Amatoxins, Aminoglycosides, Amphotericin B, Analgesic nephropathy, Anthracyclines, Arsenic trioxide, Bacitracin, Bendamustine, Bleomycin, Capecitabine, Capreomycin, Carbon tetrachloride, Carboplatin, Carmustine, Cidofovir, Cisplatin, Cyclophosphamide, Cyclosporine, Cytarabine, Deferasirox, Etoposide, Exenatide, Fluconazole, Fludarabine and cladribine, Gallium nitrate, Gemcitabine, Gyromitrin, Hetastarch , Hydroxyurea, Ifosfamide, Intravenous immune globulin, Irinotecan, Lenalidomide, Lomustine, Malignant hyperpyrexia following anesthesia, Mannitol, Melphalan, Methotrexate, Micafungin, Mithramycin, Nitrosourea compounds, NSAIDs , Orellanine, Oxaliplatin, Para-amino salicylic acid, Pemetrexed, Pentamidine, Pentostatin, Polymyxin B, Rifampicin, Sulphinpyrazone, Sulphonamide crystalluria Cacluli, Synthetic cannabinoids , Tacrolimus, Taxanes, Telavancin, Temozolomide, Tenofovir, Topotecan, Valacyclovir, Vancomycin, Vinca alkaloids
Ear Nose Throat No underlying causes
Endocrine Acute pancreatitis, Addisonian crisis, Diabetic nephropathy, Hypercalciuria, Hyperosmolar non-ketotic diabetic coma, hypoaldosteronism, Myxedema coma, SIADH
Environmental Burns, Heat stroke, Insect bites, Snake bite (Viperidae)
Gastroenterologic Bowel strangulation, Colorectal cancer, Hemorrhagic pancreatitis, Hepatic vein thrombosis, Hepatorenal syndrome, Intestinal obstruction, , Intususception of intestine, Acute Pancreatitis, Retroperitoneal fibrosis, Third-space sequestration, Upper or Lower gastrointestinal bleeding
Genetic Prune belly syndrome, Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, Transient renal dysfunction of the newborn
Hematologic Disseminated intravascular coagulation, Expanding hematoma, Mismatched blood transfusion, Myoglobinuria, Polycythemia, Porphyria, Renal artery thrombosis, Renal vein thrombosis, Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, transfusion reactions
Iatrogenic Diarrhea, external drainage, Malignant hyperpyrexia following anesthesia, Mismatched blood transfusion, Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, Radiotherapy, sweating, Systemic inflammatory response syndrome , Vomiting
Infectious Disease Diphtheria, Dobrava-Belgrade Virus, Endometriosis, Endotoxic shock, Enteritis, Epidemic dropsy, Hantavirus, Human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis, Lassa fever, Leptospirosis, Malignant malaria, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Neisseria gonorrhoea, Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis, Schistosoma haematobium, septic shock , Systemic inflammatory response syndrome , Toxic shock syndrome
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic Rhabdomyolysis, Cervical spine injury, Spinal cord compression, Crush syndrome, fractures, Massive bleeding, Multiple traumatic injuries
Neurologic Cervical spine injury, Eclampsia, Intraventricular hemorrhage, Myelomatosis, Neurogenic bladder, neurogenic shock after central nervous system or spinal cord injury, Prolonged convulsions, Spinal cord compression
Nutritional/Metabolic Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency, Bulimia, Cholesterol embolism
Obstetric/Gynecologic Carcinoma of the uterine cervix, Cervical cancer, Endometriosis, Hydrometrocolpos, Hyperemesis gravidarum, Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, Perinatal asphyxia, Postpartum bleeding, Preclampsia, Toxemia of pregnancy (type of Toxemia), Twin twin transfusion
Oncologic Benign Prostate hyperplasia, Bladder cancer, Leukaemia, Pelvic tumor, Prostate cancer, Tumor lysis syndrome
Ophthalmologic No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity Crush syndrome, Drug overdose, heavy metal poisoning , Heme pigments , Myoglobinuria, Porphyria, Radiocontrast media , Rhabdomyolysis, Tumor lysis syndrome
Psychiatric Bulimia
Pulmonary Alport syndrome, Massive pulmonary embolism,, Respiratory distress syndrome, Respiratory losses , Severe pulmonary hypertension, Tension pneumothorax
Renal/Electrolyte Acute cortical necrosis, Acute glomerulonephritis, Acute interstitial nephritis, Acute on chronic renal failure , Acute pyelonephritis, Acute renal failure, Acute tubular necrosis, Addisonian crisis, Alport syndrome, Analgesic nephropathy, Bilateral renal vein occlusion, Burns, Chronic renal failure, End stage kidney disease, Glomerulonephritis , Hepatic vein thrombosis, Hepatorenal syndrome, Hydronephrosis, hypoaldosteronism, Interstitial nephritis, Intrinsic glomerular disease, Nephritic syndrome, Nephrocalcinosis , Nephrolithiasis, Nephrotic syndrome, Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis, Prerenal failure, Renal insufficiency, Renal papillary necrosis, Renal vein thrombosis, salt-wasting nephropathies , Sulphonamide crystalluria Cacluli, Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy Anaphylaxis and anaphylactoid reactions, Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome, Disseminated intravascular coagulation, Lichen sclerosus et atrophicus, Mismatched blood transfusion, Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, Systemic lupus erythematosis, Systemic inflammatory response syndrome , transfusion reactions, Transplant rejection, vasculitis
Sexual Benign Prostate hyperplasia, Hydrometrocolpos
Trauma Acute blood loss, Cervical spine injury, Crush syndrome, fractures, Massive bleeding, Multiple traumatic injuries, Neurogenic bladder, Neurogenic shock after central nervous system or spinal cord injury, Ruptured hematoma, Shock, Upper or Lower gastrointestinal bleeding
Urologic Benign Prostate hyperplasia, Bladder cancer, Bladder outlet obstruction, Hydronephrosis, Kidney stone, Nephrotic syndrome, Obstruction of the urinary tract, Pelvic tumor, Prostate cancer, Schistosoma haematobium, Sulphonamide crystalluria Cacluli, Ureterocele, Urethral catheterization, Urethral stricture, Urethral trauma
Miscellaneous Puerperal shock, Radiotherapy, Surgery complication

Causes in Alphabetical Order


The mechanisms causing oliguria can be divided into several categories:

Prerenal

In response to hypoperfusion of the kidney (e.g. as a result of dehydration by poor oral intake, diarrhea, massive bleeding or sepsis)

Renal

Due to kidney damage (severe hypoperfusion, rhabdomyolysis, medication)

Postrenal

As a consequence of obstruction of the urine flow (e.g. enlarged prostate, tumor compression urinary outflow, expanding hematoma or fluid collection)

The decreased production of urine may be a sign of dehydration, renal failure or urinary obstruction/urinary retention.

Postoperative Oliguria

Patients usually have a decrease in urine output after a major operation that may be a normal physiological response to:

Oliguria in Infants

Oliguria, when defined as less than 1 mL/kg/h, in infants is not considered to be a reliable sign of renal failure.[1]==Risk Factors== Patients having any of the conditions mentioned in the causes are at risk of oliguria.

Reference

  1. ↑ Arant B (1987). "Postnatal development of renal function during the first year of life". Pediatr Nephrol. 1 (3): 308–13. PMID 3153294.

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