Orthopnea causes

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Mugilan Poongkunran M.B.B.S [2]

Overview

Orthopnea is often observed among patients with left heart failure. Orthopnea can also occur in patients suffering from asthma and chronic bronchitis, as well as those with sleep apnea or panic disorder.

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

• Acute cardiac allograft rejection
• Acute respiratory distress syndrome
• Anaphylaxis
• Bilateral diaphragmatic paralysis
• Carbon monoxide toxicity
• Pneumothorax
• Pulmonary embolism
• Myocardial infarction

Common Causes

• Aortic regurgitation
• Aortic stenosis
• Hypertension
• Left heart failure
• Mitral regurgitation

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	Acute cardiac allograft rejection, aortic regurgitation, atrial fibrillation, arteriovenous fistula, Cardiac amyloidosis, cardiac aneurysm, cardiac sarcoidosis, cardiac tumors, cor pulmonale, diabetic heart disease, Eisenmenger syndrome, endomyocardial fibrosis, Fallot tetralogy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, idiopathic restrictive cardiomyopathy, ischemic heart disease, left heart failure, mitral regurgitation, mitral valve stenosis, multifocal atrial tachycardia, myocardial infarction, patent ductus arteriosus, pericardial effusion, pericardiocentesis, peripartum cardiomyopathy, rupture of the papillary muscles, severe hypertension, STEMI, stress cardiomyopathy, tuberculous pericarditis
Chemical/Poisoning	Beryllium, cadmium, carbon monoxide toxicity, coal worker pneumoconiosis, cobalt, fume inhalation, lead, mercury, nitrogen dioxide, organophosphates, selenium, silica, snake bite, sulfur dioxide
Dental	No underlying causes
Dermatologic	Dermatomyositis, mixed connective tissue disease
Drug Side Effect	Amphetamines, anthracyclines, bleomycin, calcium channel blockers, carmustine, carnitine, cetuximab, chloroquine, clozapine, cyanides, cyclophosphamide, dasatinib, didanosine, gemcitabine, gemeprost, glatiramer acetate, glutaraldehyde, mitomycin C, nifedipine, nitrofurantoin, NSAIDs, paricalcitol, pentostatin, phenothiazines, protamine sulfate, regadenoson, rifampicin, ticagrelor, trastuzumab, zalcitabine, zidovudine
Ear Nose Throat	Tracheolaryngobronchitis,
Endocrine	Cushing's disease, diabetes, goiter, hyperthyroidism, hypocalcemia, hypophosphatemia, hypothyroidism, liquorice, mineralocorticoids, pheochromocytoma, thyrotoxic myopathy
Environmental	Beryllium, cadmium, carbon monoxide toxicity, coal worker pneumoconiosis, cobalt, fume inhalation, lead, liquorice, malnutrition, mercury, morbid obesity, organophosphates, silica, smoke inhalation, snake bite, sulfur dioxide
Gastroenterologic	Aspiration of stomach contents, cirrhosis, pancreatitis, portopulmonary hypertension
Genetic	Bulbospinal muscular atrophy, congenital impairment of lymphatic system, cystic fibrosis, Foster Kennedy syndrome, Friedreich's ataxia, GM2 gangliosidosis, hereditary hemochromatosis, hereditary spastic paraplegia, hereditary spinal muscular atrophy, inclusion body myositis, langerhans cell histiocytosis, late-onset Tay-Sachs disease, limb-girdle muscular dystrophy, lysosomal acid maltase deficiency, Pompe's disease, myotonic dystrophy, patent ductus arteriosus, tetralogy of Fallot
Hematologic	Congenital impairment of lymphatic system, disseminated intravascular coagulopathy, hemorrhagic shock, hereditary hemochromatosis, langerhans cell histiocytosis, lymphangiomyomatosis, septic shock, Severe anemia, transfusion reactions, Wegener granulomatosis
Iatrogenic	Acute cardiac allograft rejection, anaphylaxis, aspiration of stomach contents, insulin treatment, IV fluid overload, neck surgery, pericardiocentesis, pneumothorax, radiation brainstem injury, radiation myelopathy, transfusion reactions
Infectious Disease	Chagas disease, Guillain-Barré syndrome, herpes zoster, HIV, human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis, Lyme disease, pleural effusion, pneumocystis jiroveci, pneumonia, post polio syndrome, post-viral neuropathy, septic shock, toxocariasis, tropical pulmonary eosinophilia, tuberculous pericarditis, viral cardiomyopathy, yersinia pestis
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic	Cervical spondylosis with compressive radiculopathy and myelopathy, dermatomyositis, Lambert-Eaton Syndrome, inclusion body myositis, limb-girdle muscular dystrophy, mixed connective tissue disease, myasthenia gravis, myotonic dystrophy, polymyositis post polio syndrome, progressive muscular atrophy, rheumatoid arthritis
Neurologic	Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, bilateral diaphragmatic paralysis, bulbospinal muscular atrophy, central sleep apnea, cervical spondylosis with compressive radiculopathy and myelopathy, Lambert-Eaton syndrome, Foster Kennedy syndrome, Friedreich's ataxia, GM2 gangliosidosis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, hereditary spastic paraplegia, hereditary spinal muscular atrophy, intraspinal tumors, late-onset Tay-Sachs disease, monomelic (benign focal) amyotrophy, motor neuron syndromes in cancers, multifocal motor neuropathy, multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, myotonic dystrophy, neurogenic pulmonary oedema, phrenic nerve injury due to stretching or cooling during cardiac surgery, Post-polio progressive muscular atrophy, post-viral neuropathy, preeclampsia, primary lateral sclerosis, progressive bulbar palsy, progressive muscular atrophy, radiation brainstem injury/radiation myelopathy, stroke
Nutritional/Metabolic	Hypocalcemia, hypophosphatemia, hypoproteinemia, lysosomal acid maltase deficiency, Pompe's disease, wet beri-beri,
Obstetric/Gynecologic	Eclampsia, peripartum cardiomyopathy, preeclampsia, pregnancy, premenstrual syndrome
Oncologic	Bronchogenic carcinoma, cardiac tumors, intraspinal tumors, malignant pleural mesothelioma, motor neuron syndromes in cancers
Ophthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity	Bleomycin, cocaine, cyanides, mineralocorticoids, narcotic overdose
Psychiatric	Stress-induced cardiomyopathy
Pulmonary	Acute respiratory distress syndrome, altitude sickness, asthma, bilateral diaphragmatic paralysis, bronchiectasis, bronchiolitis obliterans, bronchitis, bronchogenic carcinoma, bronchogenic cyst, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, bronchospasm, central sleep apnea, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Churg-Strauss syndrome, cor pulmonale, CREST syndrome, cystic fibrosis, diffuse panbronchiolitis, Eisenmenger syndrome, empyema, extrinsic allergic alveolitis, fibrosing alveolitis, cryptogenic, goodpasture syndrome, idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis, interstitial lung disease , malignant pleural mesothelioma, near-drowning, pleural effusion, pneumonia, pneumothorax, polyarteritis nodosa, portopulmonary hypertension, pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, pulmonary edema, pulmonary embolism, pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary veno-occlusive disease, pulmonic stenosis, respiratory failure, sclerosing mediastinitis, systemic lupus erythematosus(shrinking lung syndrome), smoke inhalation, tracheolaryngobronchitis, transient tachypnea of the newborn, tropical pulmonary eosinophilia
Renal/Electrolyte	Nephritic syndrome, nephrotic syndrome, renal artery stenosis, renal failure, Uremia
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy	Acute cardiac allograft rejection, anaphylaxis, asthma, cardiac sarcoidosis, Churg-Strauss syndrome, CREST syndrome, cytokine release syndrome, dermatomyositis, Lambert-Eaton Syndrome, Goodpasture syndrome, mixed connective tissue disease, myasthenia gravis, polyarteritis nodosa, polymyositis, rheumatoid arthritis, sclerosing mediastinitis, systemic lupus erythematosus(shrinking lung syndrome), systemic sclerosis, Wegener granulomatosis
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	Blunt neck trauma, head injury, hemorrhagic shock, neck surgery, rib fracture
Urologic	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	Altitude sickness, amyloid cardiomyopathy, heavy alcohol intake, malnutrition, morbid obesity, near-drowning

Causes by Organ System developed by WikiDoc.org, Copyleft 2013

Causes in Alphabetical Order

• Acute cardiac allograft rejection

• Acute respiratory distress syndrome

• Altitude sickness

• Amphetamines

• Atrial fibrillation

• Arteriovenous fistula

• Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

• Anaphylaxis

• Anthracyclines

• Aspiration of stomach contents

• Asthma

• Beryllium

• Bilateral diaphragmatic paralysis

• Bleomycin

• Blunt neck trauma

• Bronchiectasis

• Bronchiolitis obliterans

• Bronchitis

• Bronchogenic carcinoma

• Bronchogenic cyst

• Bronchopulmonary dysplasia

• Bronchospasm

• Bulbospinal muscular atrophy

• Cadmium

• Calcium channel blockers (nifedipine)

• Cardiac aneurysm

• Carbon monoxide toxicity

• Cardiac amyloidosis

• Cardiac sarcoidosis

• Cardiac tumors

• Carmustine

• Carnitine

• Central sleep apnea

• Cervical spondylosis with compressive radiculopathy and myelopathy

• Cetuximab

• Chagas disease

• Chloroquine

• Chronic aortic regurgitation

• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

• Churg-Strauss syndrome

• Clozapine

• Coal worker pneumoconiosis

• Cobalt

• Cocaine

• Congenital impairment of lymphatic system

• Cor pulmonale

• CREST syndrome

• Cushing's disease

• Cyanides

• Cyclophosphamide

• Cystic fibrosis

• Cytokine release syndrome

• Dasatinib

• Dermatomyositis

• Diabetic heart disease

• Didanosine

• Diffuse panbronchiolitis

• Disseminated intravascular coagulopathy

• Lambert-Eaton syndrome

• Eclampsia

• Eisenmenger syndrome

• Empyema

• Endomyocardial fibrosis

• Extrinsic allergic alveolitis

• Fallot tetralogy

• Fibrosing alveolitis

• Foster Kennedy syndrome

• Friedreich's ataxia

• Fume inhalation

• Gemcitabine

• Gemeprost

• Glatiramer acetate

• Glutaraldehyde

• GM2 gangliosidosis

• Goitre

• Goodpasture syndrome

• Guillain-Barré syndrome

• Head injury

• Heavy alcohol intake

• Hemorrhagic shock

• Hereditary hemochromatosis

• Hereditary spastic paraplegia

• Hereditary spinal muscular atrophy

• Herpes zoster

• HIV

• Human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis

• Hyperthyroidism

• Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

• Hypocalcemia

• Hypophosphatemia

• Hypoproteinemia

• Hypothyroidism

• Idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis

• Idiopathic restrictive cardiomyopathy

• Inclusion body myositis

• Insulin treatment

• Interstitial lung disease

• Intraspinal tumors

• Ischemic heart disease

• IV fluid overload

• Langerhans cell histiocytosis

• Late-onset Tay-Sachs disease

• Lead

• Left heart failure

• Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy

• Liquorice

• Liver Cirrhosis

• Lyme disease

• Lymphangiomyomatosis

• Lysosomal acid maltase deficiency(glycogen storage disease II)

• Malignant pleural mesothelioma

• Malnutrition

• Mercury

• Mineralocorticoids

• Mitomycin C

• Mitral Regurgitation

• Mitral valve stenosis

• Mixed connective tissue disease

• Monomelic (benign focal) amyotrophy

• Morbid obesity

• Motor neuron syndromes in cancers

• Multifocal atrial tachycardia

• Multifocal motor neuropathy

• Multiple sclerosis

• Myasthenia gravis

• Myocardial infarction

• Myotonic dystrophy

• Narcotic overdose

• Near-drowning

• Neck surgery

• Nephritic syndrome

• Nephrotic syndrome

• Nitrofurantoin

• Nitrogen dioxide

• NSAIDs

• Organophosphates

• Pancreatitis

• Paricalcitol

• Patent ductus arteriosus

• Pentostatin

• Pericardial effusion

• Pericardiocentesis

• Peripartum cardiomyopathy

• Phenothiazines

• Pheochromocytoma

• Phrenic nerve injury due to stretching or cooling during cardiac surgery

• Pleural effusion

• Pneumocystis jiroveci

• Pneumonia

• Pneumothorax

• Polyarteritis nodosa

• Polymyositis

• Pompe's disease

• Portopulmonary hypertension

• Post-polio progressive muscular atrophy

• Post-viral neuropathy

• Preeclampsia

• Pregnancy

• Premenstrual syndrome

• Primary lateral sclerosis

• Progressive bulbar palsy

• Progressive muscular atrophy

• Protamine sulfate

• Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis

• Pulmonary edema

• Pulmonary embolism

• Pulmonary fibrosis

• Pulmonary hypertension

• Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease

• Pulmonic stenosis

• Radiation brainstem injury/radiation myelopathy

• Regadenoson

• Renal artery stenosis

• Renal failure

• Respiratory failure

• Rheumatoid arthritis

• Rib fracture

• Rifampicin

• Sclerosing mediastinitis

• Selenium

• Septic shock

• Severe anemia

• Severe hypertension

• Silica

• Systemic lupus erythematosus(shrinking lung syndrome)

• Smoke inhalation

• Snake bite

• STEMI

• Stress-induced cardiomyopathy

• Stroke

• Sulfur dioxide

• Systemic sclerosis

• Thyrotoxic myopathy

• Ticagrelor

• Toxocariasis

• Tracheolaryngobronchitis

• Transfusion reactions

• Transient tachypnea of the newborn

• Trastuzumab

• Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia

• Tuberculous pericarditis

• Uremia

• Viral cardiomyopathy

• Wegener granulomatosis

• Wet beri-beri

• Yersinia pestis

• Zalcitabine

• Zidovudine

Causes of Orthopnea causes developed by WikiDoc.org, Copyleft 2013