Ventricular tachycardia causes

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor-in Chief: Avirup Guha, M.B.B.S.[2]

Overview

Common causes of ventricular tachycardia include ischemic heart disease, illicit drugs (cocaine and methamphetamine), structural heart disease (including congenital heart diseases such as tetralogy of Fallot), inherited channelopathies, drug toxicity (digoxin, drugs that prolong the QT interval) and electrolyte disturbances (such as hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, and hypocalcemia).

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

• Acute coronary syndrome
• Long QT syndrome
• NSTEMI
• Short QT syndrome
• STEMI
• Unstable angina
• Uremia

Common Causes

• Acid-base disturbances
• Congestive heart failure
• Dilated cardiomyopathy
• Hypertensive heart disease
• Hypokalemia
• Hypomagnesemia
• Long QT syndrome
• Myocarditis
• Short QT syndrome
• STEMI

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	Acute coronary syndrome, Andersen cardiodysrhythmic periodic paralysis, arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia, AV block, Brugada syndrome, cardiomyopathy, catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, congenital heart disease, congestive heart failure, dilated cardiomyopathy, hypertensive heart disease, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, ischemic heart disease, Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome, long QT syndrome, mitral valve prolapse, myocardial infarction, myocarditis, noncompaction cardiomyopathy, NSTEMI, right ventricular outflow tract tachycardia, Romano-Ward syndrome, short QT syndrome, short QT syndrome type 1, short QT syndrome type 2, short QT syndrome type 3, short QT syndrome type 4, short QT syndrome type 5, STEMI, Timothy syndrome, torsade de pointes, unstable angina, valvular heart disease, ventricular aneurysm, Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome
Chemical / poisoning	Acetaminophen, arsenic trioxide, arsenicals, methanol, aconitine
Dermatologic	No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect	Acetaminophen, alimemazine, almokalant, amiodarone, amitriptyline, amphetamines, antiarrhythmics, asenapine, aspirin, astemizole, azimilide, azithromycin, bepridil, bretylium, budipine, chloroquine, cibenzoline, cisapride, citalopram, clomipramine, clozapine, cocaine, crizotinib, desipramine, digitalis, diphenhydramine, disopyramide, dofetilide, dolasetron, doxepin, dronedarone, droperidol, eribulin mesylate, fluconazole, grepafloxacin, halofantrine, haloperidol, ibutilide, imipramine, indapamide, inotropes, ketanserin, ketoconazole, lidoflazine, lubeluzole, methadone, methadyl acetate, methamphetamine, midodrine, mizolastine, moxifloxacin, naratriptan, nicardipine, nilotinib, ondansetron, pasireotide, pazopanib, pentamidine, phenothiazines, pimozide, piperaquine, prenylamine, probucol, procainamide, propoxyphene, quinidine, quinine, ranolazine, retigabine, ritodrine, ritonavir, saquinavir, sertindole, sotalol, sparfloxacin, sympathomimetic agents, tedisamil, telithromycin, terfenadine, terodiline, tetrabenazine, theophylline, thioridazine, tricyclic antidepressants, vandetanib, vemurafenib, venlafaxine, vernakalant, voriconazole, vorinostat, ziprasidone, zotepine, zuclopenthixol
Ear Nose Throat	No underlying causes
Endocrine	Hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, pheochromocytoma
Environmental	Hypothermia, zero gravity
Gastroenterologic	No underlying causes
Genetic	Andersen cardiodysrhythmic periodic paralysis, channelopathies, Fabry disease, Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome, myotonic dystrophy, Romano-Ward syndrome, short QT syndrome type 1, short QT syndrome type 2, short QT syndrome type 3, short QT syndrome type 4, short QT syndrome type 5, Timothy syndrome
Hematologic	No underlying causes
Iatrogenic	Cardioversion, defibrillation, electrophysiologic studies, heart surgery, post-anesthesia , pulmonary artery catheter, right heart catheterisation, runaway pacemaker syndrome, cardiac transplantation
Infectious Disease	Chagas heart disease, Lyme disease, myocarditis
Musculoskeletal / Ortho	Andersen cardiodysrhythmic periodic paralysis, Timothy syndrome, myotonic dystrophy
Neurologic	Acute stroke
Nutritional / Metabolic	Acid-base disturbances, acidosis, acute starvation, electrolyte imbalance, hyperkalaemia, hypocalcemia, hypoglycaemia, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia
Obstetric/Gynecologic	No underlying causes
Oncologic	No underlying causes
Opthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose / Toxicity	Alimemazine, almokalant, amiodarone, amitriptyline, amphetamines, antiarrhythmics, bretylium, budipine, chloroquine, cibenzoline, cisapride, clomipramine, clozapine, crizotinib, desipramine, digitalis, diphenhydramine, disopyramide, dofetilide, doxepin, dronedarone, droperidol, eribulin mesylate, halofantrine, haloperidol, ibutilide, lidoflazine, methadone, methadyl acetate, methamphetamine, midodrine, mizolastine, pentamidine, phenothiazines, pimozide, piperaquine, prenylamine, probucol, procainamide, propoxyphene, quinidine, quinine, ranolazine, retigabine, ritodrine, ritonavir, sertindole, tedisamil, telithromycin, terfenadine, terodiline, tetrabenazine, thioridazine, vandetanib, vemurafenib, venlafaxine, voriconazole, ziprasidone, zotepine, zuclopenthixol
Psychiatric	Anorexia nervosa, major depression, starvation, Takotsubo cardiomyopathy
Pulmonary	COPD, hypoxia, obstructive sleep apnea
Renal / Electrolyte	Acid-base disturbances, acidosis, electrolyte imbalance, hyperkalaemia, hypocalcemia, hypoglycaemia, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, renal failure, uremia
Rheum / Immune / Allergy	Amyloidosis, cardiac sarcoidosis, giant cell myocarditis, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	Blunt chest trauma, myocardial contusion
Urologic	No underlying causes
Dental	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	Alcoholism, idiopathic

Causes in Alphabetical Order

• Acid-base disturbances
• Acidosis
• Aconitine toxin
• Acute coronary syndrome
• Acute starvation
• Acute stroke
• Alcoholism
• Alimemazine
• Almokalant
• Amiodarone
• Amitriptyline
• Amphetamines
• Amyloidosis
• Andersen cardiodysrhythmic periodic paralysis
• Anorexia nervosa
• Antiarrhythmics
• Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia
• Arsenic trioxide
• Arsenicals
• Asenapine
• Astemizole
• AV block
• Azimilide
• Azithromycin
• Bepridil
• Blunt chest trauma
• Bretylium
• Brugada syndrome
• Budipine
• Caffeine
• Cardiac sarcoidosis
• Cardiac transplantation
• Cardiomyopathy
• Cardioversion
• Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia
• Chagas heart disease
• Channelopathies
• Chloroquine
• Cibenzoline
• Cisapride
• Citalopram
• Clomipramine
• Clozapine
• Cocaine
• Congenital Heart Disease
• Congestive heart failure
• COPD
• Crizotinib
• Defibrillation
• Desipramine
• Dilated cardiomyopathy
• Digitalis
• Diphenhydramine
• Disopyramide
• Dofetilide
• Dolasetron
• Doxepin
• Dronedarone
• Droperidol
• Electrolyte imbalance

• Electrophysiologic studies
• Eribulin mesylate
• Fabry disease
• Fluconazole
• Giant cell myocarditis
• Grepafloxacin
• Halofantrine
• Haloperidol
• Heart surgery
• Hyperkalaemia
• Hypertensive heart disease
• Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
• Hypocalcemia
• Hypoglycaemia
• Hypokalemia
• Hypomagnesemia
• Hypothermia
• Hypothyroidism
• Hypoxia
• Ibutilide
• Idiopathic
• Imipramine
• Indapamide
• Inotropes
• Ischemic heart disease
• Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome
• Ketanserin
• Ketoconazole
• Lidoflazine
• Long QT Syndrome
• Lubeluzole
• Lyme disease
• Major depression
• Methadone
• Methadyl acetate
• Methamphetamine
• Midodrine
• Mitral valve prolapse
• Mizolastine
• Moxifloxacin
• Myocardial Infarction
• Myocarditis
• Myotonic dystrophy
• Naratriptan
• Nicardipine
• Nilotinib
• Noncompaction cardiomyopathy
• NSTEMI
• Obstructive sleep apnea
• Ondansetron
• Pasireotide
• Pazopanib
• Pentamidine
• Phenothiazines
• Pimozide
• Piperaquine
• Post-anesthesia
• Prenylamine
• Probucol

• Procainamide
• Propoxyphene
• Pulmonary artery catheter
• Quinidine
• Quinine
• Renal failure
• Ranolazine
• Retigabine
• Rheumatoid arthritis
• Right heart catheterisation
• Right ventricular outflow tract tachycardia
• Ritodrine
• Ritonavir
• Romano-Ward syndrome
• Runaway pacemaker syndrome
• Saquinavir
• Sertindole
• Short QT syndrome
• Short QT syndrome type 1
• Short QT syndrome type 2
• Short QT syndrome type 3
• Short QT syndrome type 4
• Short QT syndrome type 5
• Sleep apnea
• Sotalol
• Sparfloxacin
• STEMI
• Sympathomimetic agents
• Systemic lupus erythematosus
• Takotsubo cardiomyopathy
• Tedisamil
• Telithromycin
• Terfenadine
• Terodiline
• Tetrabenazine
• Thioridazine
• Timothy syndrome
• Torsade de pointes
• Unstable angina
• Uremia
• Valvular heart disease
• Vandetanib
• Vemurafenib
• Venlafaxine
• Ventricular aneurysm
• Vernakalant
• Voriconazole
• Vorinostat
• Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome
• Zero gravity
• Ziprasidone
• Zotepine
• Zuclopenthixol