Pulseless electrical activity causes: Difference between revisions
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{|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1" | {|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1" | ||
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" |'''Cardiovascular''' | |style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" |'''Cardiovascular''' | ||
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Acute coronary syndrome]], [[Brugada syndrome]], [[cardiac amyloidosis]]<ref name="pmid14987790">{{cite journal| author=Hess EP, White RD| title=Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in patients with cardiac amyloidosis: presenting rhythms, management and outcomes in four patients. | journal=Resuscitation | year= 2004 | volume= 60 | issue= 1 | pages= 105-11 | pmid=14987790 | doi=10.1016/j.resuscitation.2003.08.007 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=14987790 }} </ref>, [[cardiac tumor]], [[complete heart block]], [[congenital heart disease]], [[congestive heart failure]], [[dilated cardiomyopathy]], [[hypertensive heart disease]], [[hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]], [[ischemic heart disease]], [[long QT syndrome]], [[myocardial infarction]], [[myocarditis]], [[NSTEMI]], [[pericarditis]], [[STEMI]], [[valvular heart disease]] | |style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Acute coronary syndrome]], [[Brugada syndrome]], [[cardiac amyloidosis]]<ref name="pmid14987790">{{cite journal| author=Hess EP, White RD| title=Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in patients with cardiac amyloidosis: presenting rhythms, management and outcomes in four patients. | journal=Resuscitation | year= 2004 | volume= 60 | issue= 1 | pages= 105-11 | pmid=14987790 | doi=10.1016/j.resuscitation.2003.08.007 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=14987790 }} </ref>,[[Cardiac tamponade]], [[cardiac tumor]], [[complete heart block]], [[congenital heart disease]], [[congestive heart failure]], [[dilated cardiomyopathy]], [[hypertensive heart disease]], [[hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]], [[ischemic heart disease]], [[long QT syndrome]], [[myocardial infarction]], [[myocarditis]], [[NSTEMI]], [[pericarditis]], [[STEMI]], [[valvular heart disease]] | ||
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|bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Chemical/Poisoning''' | |bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Chemical/Poisoning''' | ||
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Pulmonary''' | | '''Pulmonary''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[ | |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Aspiration pneumonia]], [[bronchospasm]], [[hypoxia]], [[tension pneumothorax]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Renal/Electrolyte''' | | '''Renal/Electrolyte''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hyperkalemia]], [[renal failure]] | |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hyperkalemia]], [[Hypovolemia]], [[renal failure]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
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*[[Calcium channel blockers]] | *[[Calcium channel blockers]] | ||
*[[cardiac amyloidosis]]<ref name="pmid14987790">{{cite journal| author=Hess EP, White RD| title=Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in patients with cardiac amyloidosis: presenting rhythms, management and outcomes in four patients. | journal=Resuscitation | year= 2004 | volume= 60 | issue= 1 | pages= 105-11 | pmid=14987790 | doi=10.1016/j.resuscitation.2003.08.007 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=14987790 }} </ref> | *[[cardiac amyloidosis]]<ref name="pmid14987790">{{cite journal| author=Hess EP, White RD| title=Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in patients with cardiac amyloidosis: presenting rhythms, management and outcomes in four patients. | journal=Resuscitation | year= 2004 | volume= 60 | issue= 1 | pages= 105-11 | pmid=14987790 | doi=10.1016/j.resuscitation.2003.08.007 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=14987790 }} </ref> | ||
*[[Cardiac tamponade]] | |||
*[[Cardiac transplantation]] | *[[Cardiac transplantation]] | ||
*[[Cardiac tumor]] | *[[Cardiac tumor]] | ||
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*[[Hypoglycemia]] | *[[Hypoglycemia]] | ||
*[[Hypothermia]] | *[[Hypothermia]] | ||
*[[Hypovolemia]] | |||
*[[Hypoxia]] | *[[Hypoxia]] | ||
*[[Ischemic heart disease]] | *[[Ischemic heart disease]] | ||
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*[[brain damage|Severe brain injury]] | *[[brain damage|Severe brain injury]] | ||
*[[Takotsubo cardiomyopathy]] | *[[Takotsubo cardiomyopathy]] | ||
*[[Tension pneumothorax]] | |||
*[[Valvular heart disease]] | *[[Valvular heart disease]] | ||
{{col-end}} | {{col-end}} | ||
Revision as of 16:55, 12 September 2013
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Resident Survival Guide |
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Pulseless electrical activity Microchapters |
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Differentiating Pulseless Electrical Activity from other Diseases |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Case Studies |
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Pulseless electrical activity causes On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Pulseless electrical activity causes |
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Directions to Hospitals Treating Pulseless electrical activity |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Pulseless electrical activity causes |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Pulseless electrical activity is the initial presenting rhythm in 19.6% of patients who are monitored at the onset of cardiac arrest and 16.5% of patients who present to a prehospital system in full cardiac arrest. [1]
Causes
Life Threatening Causes
Pulseless electrical activity is a life-threatening condition and must be treated as such irrespective of the causes. Life-threatening conditions can result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.
Common Causes
Common causes of PEA include preceding respiratory failure in 40% to 50% of cases, and hypovolemia. The common causes of PEA can be remembered using the mnemonic "The Hs and Ts".[2][3][4]
- Hypovolemia
- Hypoxia
- Hydrogen ions (Acidosis)
- Hypothermia
- Hyperkalemia or Hypokalemia
- Hypoglycemia
- Tablets or Toxins (Drug overdose) such as beta blockers, tricyclic antidepressants, or calcium channel blockers
- Tamponade
- Tension pneumothorax
- Thrombosis (Myocardial infarction)
- Thrombosis (Pulmonary embolism)
- Trauma (Hypovolemia from blood loss)
As noted by repeated balloon inflations in the cardiac catheterization laboratory, transient occlusion of the coronary artery does not cause PEA.
Causes by Organ System
Causes in Alphabetical Order
References
- ↑ Stueven H, Troiano P, Thompson B, Mateer JR, Kastenson EH, Tonsfeldt D; et al. (1986). "Bystander/first responder CPR: ten years experience in a paramedic system". Ann Emerg Med. 15 (6): 707–10. PMID 3706861.
- ↑ ACLS: Principles and Practice. p. 71-87. Dallas: American Heart Association, 2003. ISBN 0-87493-341-2.
- ↑ ACLS for Experienced Providers. p. 3-5. Dallas: American Heart Association, 2003. ISBN 0-87493-424-9.
- ↑ "2005 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care - Part 7.2: Management of Cardiac Arrest." Circulation 2005; 112: IV-58 - IV-66.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Hess EP, White RD (2004). "Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in patients with cardiac amyloidosis: presenting rhythms, management and outcomes in four patients". Resuscitation. 60 (1): 105–11. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2003.08.007. PMID 14987790.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Daly MW, Custer G, McLeay PD (2008). "Cardiac arrest with pulseless electrical activity associated with methylphenidate in an adolescent with a normal baseline echocardiogram". Pharmacotherapy. 28 (11): 1408–12. doi:10.1592/phco.28.11.1408. PMID 18957001.
- ↑ Stueven HA, Aufderheide T, Waite EM, Mateer JR (1989). "Electromechanical dissociation: six years prehospital experience". Resuscitation. 17 (2): 173–82. PMID 2546233.