Continuous murmur

Template:Continuous murmur Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Twinkle Singh, M.B.B.S. [2]

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	Atherosclerosis, endocarditis, perianeurysmal aortitis
Chemical/Poisoning	No underlying causes
Dental	No underlying causes
Dermatologic	Acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis, psoriasis
Drug Side Effect	Furosemide
Ear Nose Throat	No underlying causes
Endocrine	No underlying causes
Environmental	No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic	Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis
Genetic	IL-23 overexpression, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
Hematologic	Myelodysplastic syndrome
Iatrogenic	Cardiac catheterization, perianeurysmal aortitis
Infectious Disease	AIDS, aspergillus, bacteremia, borrelia burgdorferi, candida, endocarditis, enterococcus, escherichia coli, fusarium solani, gonorrhea, haemophilus influenzae, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, mycobacterium fortuitum, mycobacterium tuberculosis, mycotic aneurysm, pasteurella multocida, proteus, pseudomonas, Reiter's syndrome, rocky mountain spotted fever, salmonella, staphylococcus, streptococcus pneumoniae, syphilis, yaws
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic	No underlying causes
Neurologic	No underlying causes
Nutritional/Metabolic	No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic	No underlying causes
Oncologic	No underlying causes
Ophthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity	No underlying causes
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	No underlying causes
Renal/Electrolyte	No underlying causes
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy	Acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis, ANCA-associated vasculitides, ankylosing spondylitis, autoimmune vasculitis, Behçet's disease, capnocytophaga canimorsus, Churg-Strauss syndrome, Cogan syndrome, giant cell arteritis, IgG4-related systemic disease, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, Kawasaki disease, microscopic polyangiitis, Ormond's disease, polyarteritis nodosa, psoriasis, reactive arthritis, Reiter's syndrome, relapsing polychondritis, retroperitoneal fibrosis, rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma, spondylarthropathy, systemic lupus erythematosus, Takayasu arteritis, Wegener granulomatosis
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	No underlying causes
Urologic	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	Idiopathic isolated periaortitis, idiopathic isolated aortitis, sarcoidosis

Causes in Alphabetical Order

• Abdominal aortic aneurysm
• Anemia
• Anomalous left coronary artery arising from pulmonary artery
• Aortic-atrial fistulas
• Arteriovenous fistula
• Arteriovenous malformation
• Atrial septal defect with mitral stenosis or atresia
• Atrial septal defect without mitral valve obstruction
• Bronchial arterial collateral vessels develop in pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect
• Bronchial arterial collateral vessels develop in tricuspid atresia
• Celiac artery stenosis
• Cervical venous hum
• Cholangiocarcinoma
• Cirrhosis
• Communication between the sinus of valsalva and the right atrium

• Coronary artery fistula
• Fistula between right coronary artery and coronary sinus
• Fistula between right coronary artery and right atrium
• Fistulous connection between an internal mammary graft and the pulmonary vasculature
• Hepatic hemangioma
• Hepatic hum
• High-grade coarctation
• Hyperthyroidism
• Large dialysis fistula
• Livermetastases
• Lutembacher syndrome
• Mammary souffle
• Mitral stenosis with a persistent left superior vena cava
• Partial occlusion of the pulmonary artery due to pulmonary embolism
• Patent ductus arteriosus
• Pregnancy

• Pulmonary arteriovenous fistula
• Pulmonary artery stenosis
• Renal artery stenosis
• Ruptured aneurysm of sinus of valsalva
• Systemic arteriovenous fistulas
• Takayasu arteritis
• Total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage
• Tricuspid regurgitation
• Truncus arteriosus
• Turbulence of splenic artery
• Valvular heart disease