Disseminated intravascular coagulation causes: Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 16:36, 6 February 2014

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

There are a variety of causes of DIC^[1], all usually causing the release of chemicals into the blood that instigates the coagulation.

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.

Disseminated intravascular coagulation in itself is a life-threatening condition and must be treated as such irrespective of the cause.

Common Causes

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	Aortic aneurysm, Malignant hypertension, Myocardial infarction, Septic shock, Shock, Vasculitis
Chemical / poisoning	Snake bite
Dermatologic	No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect	Amphetamine, Cocaine, Interleukin 2, Serotonin syndrome
Ear Nose Throat	No underlying causes
Endocrine	No underlying causes
Environmental	No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic	Acute fatty liver of pregnancy, Acute hepatic failure, Acute pancreatitis, Crohn disease, Liver disease, Ulcerative colitis
Genetic	No underlying causes
Hematologic	Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, Purpura fulminans, Acute myeloid leukemia, Acute promyelocytic leukemia
Iatrogenic	Acute renal allograft rejection, Blood transfusion and complications, Denver shunt, Extensive surgery, LeVeen shunt, Peritoneovenous shunt, Prosthetic devices, Recent anesthesia, Reperfusion after liver transplantation, Ventricular assist devices
Infectious Disease	Argentine hemorrhagic fever, Aspergillosis, Bolivian Hemorrhagic Fever, Capnocytophaga canimorsus, CMV, Hepatitis viruses, Histoplasmosis, Malaria (malignant tertian), Meningococcal septicaemia, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Neisseria meningiditis, Neisseria meningitidis, Osteomyelitis, Rocky mountain spotted fever, Sarcoidosis, Sleeping sickness (East African), Streptococcus pneumoniae, Tuberculosis, Typhoid fever, Viral hemorrhagic fevers, VZV, Septic shock
Musculoskeletal / Ortho	No underlying causes
Neurologic	No underlying causes
Nutritional / Metabolic	No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic	Amniotic fluid embolism, Eclampsia, HELLP syndrome, Intrauterine death, Placental abruption, Pre-eclampsia, Retained intrauterine fetal demise
Oncologic	Acute myeloid leukemia, Acute promyelocytic leukemia, Cancers of lung, pancreas, prostate and stomach, Giant hemangioma, Kasabach-Merritt syndrome, Mucin-secreting adenocarcinoma, Myeloproliferative syndromes, Paraneoplastic syndrome, Trousseau's syndrome
Opthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose / Toxicity	No underlying causes
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	Empyema
Renal / Electrolyte	No underlying causes
Rheum / Immune / Allergy	Antiphospholipid syndrome, Macrophage activation syndrome, Raynaud disease, Rheumatoid arthritis
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	Burns, Crush syndrome, Head injury, Lightning strike, Motor vehicle accidents, Severe tissue injury
Urologic	No underlying causes
Dental	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	Heat stroke

Causes in Alphabetical Order

References

↑ Ledingham, J (2000). Concise Oxford Textbook of Medicine. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-262870-4, Check |isbn= value: invalid character (help). Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (help)

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[1] Ledingham, J (2000). Concise Oxford Textbook of Medicine. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-262870-4, Check |isbn= value: invalid character (help). Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (help)

[1]

@@ Line 13: / Line 13: @@
 ===Common Causes===
+*[[Abruptio placentae]]
-* Infections:
+*[[Amniotic fluid embolism]]
-** [[Sepsis]], particularly with [[gram-negative bacteria]]
+*[[Aortic aneurysm]]
-** Viral
+*[[transfusion reaction|Blood transfusion reaction]]
-** [[Malaria]]
+*[[Drugs]] (e.g. [[Amphetamines]])
-** [[Rickettsial]]
+*[[Eclampsia]]
-* Obstetric complications (most common cause), with chemicals from the [[uterus]] being released into the blood. These include:
+*[[hemangioma|Giant hemangioma]]
-** [[Amniotic fluid embolism]]
+*[[Graft-versus-host disease]]
-** [[Eclampsia]]
+*[[HELLP syndrome]]
-** ''[[Abruptio placentae]]''
+*[[transfusion reaction|Hemolytic transfusion reaction]]
-** [[Placenta praevia]]
+*[[Liver disease]]
-** intra-uterine death
+*[[Malignancy]] (especially [[APL]])
-* Tissue trauma such as burns, accidents, surgery, heat stroke or [[Shock (medical)|shock]].
+*[[Sepsis]] (esp. [[gram-negative bacteria]])
-* [[Liver]] disease:
+*[[allergy|Severe allergic reaction]]
-** [[Cirrhosis]]
+*[[Transplant rejection]]
-** Acute hepatic [[necrosis]]
+*[[Trauma]] (e.g. [[Fat embolism]], [[head injury]])
-* Incompatible blood [[transfusion reaction]]s or massive [[blood transfusion]] (when more than the total circulatory volume is tranfused)
+*[[Venomous snake]]
-* [[Graft-versus-host disease]]
+*[[Viral hemorrhagic fever]]
-* Cancers, particularly of the following types, and especially when [[metastatic]]:
-** [[Stomach cancer]]
-** [[Colorectal cancer]]
-** [[Pancreatic cancer]]
-** [[Mucin]]-secreting [[adenocarcinoma]]
-** [[Acute promyelocytic leukemia]]
-* [[Viral hemorrhagic fever]]s bring about their frank effects, paradoxically, by causing DIC.
-* Envenomation by some [[species]] of [[venomous snake]]s, such as those belonging to the [[genus]] ''[[Echis]]'' (saw-scaled vipers).
 ===Causes by Organ System===