Congestive heart failure risk factors: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Several risk factors may predispose to heart failure. These risk factors can be demographic, genetic, associated with | Several [[risk factors]] may predispose to heart failure. These risk factors can be demographic, genetic, associated with lifestyle or medications. | ||
==Risk Factors== | ==Risk Factors== | ||
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#*[[Sleep apnea]] | #*[[Sleep apnea]] | ||
#*[[Tachycardia]] | #*[[Tachycardia]] | ||
#*Impaired lung function | #*Impaired [[Lung function tests|lung function]] | ||
#*[[Depression]] | #*[[Depression]] | ||
#Echocardiographic factors | #Echocardiographic factors | ||
#*Ventricular dimension | #*[[Ventricular]] dimension | ||
#*Ventricular mass | #*[[Ventricular]] mass | ||
#*Diastolic filling impairment | #*[[Diastolic]] filling impairment | ||
#Pharmacological factors | #Pharmacological factors | ||
#*Chemotherapeutic agents | #*Chemotherapeutic agents | ||
| Line 46: | Line 46: | ||
#*[[Albuminuria]] | #*[[Albuminuria]] | ||
#*[[Homocysteine]]: Elevated plasma [[homocysteine]] levels are associated with almost a 75% increase in risk for heart failure development. | #*[[Homocysteine]]: Elevated plasma [[homocysteine]] levels are associated with almost a 75% increase in risk for heart failure development. | ||
#*[[Tumor necrosis factor-alpha]] ([[TNF-alpha]]): After adjustment for other risk factors, every tertile increment in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) levels was associated with a 60% increase in risk of heart failure. [[TNF-alpha]] has several negative pleiotropic effects and also negative inotropic properties that may be responsible for excessive heart failure risk. [[TNF-alpha]] is also associated with progression of heart failure. | #*[[Tumor necrosis factor-alpha]] ([[TNF-alpha]]): After adjustment for other [[risk factors]], every tertile increment in [[tumor necrosis factor-alpha]] ([[Tumor necrosis factor-alpha|TNF-alpha]]) levels was associated with a 60% increase in risk of heart failure. [[TNF-alpha]] has several negative [[pleiotropic]] effects and also negative [[inotropic]] properties that may be responsible for excessive heart failure risk. [[TNF-alpha]] is also associated with progression of heart failure. | ||
#*[[Interleukin-6]]: IL-6 is a pro-inflammatory [[cytokine]] which associated with an excessive risk of development of heart failure. | #*[[Interleukin-6]]: IL-6 is a pro-inflammatory [[cytokine]] which associated with an excessive risk of development of heart failure. | ||
#*[[C-reactive protein]] | #*[[C-reactive protein]] | ||
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#*Age | #*Age | ||
#*Gender | #*Gender | ||
#*Symptom duration | #*[[Symptom]] duration | ||
#*[[NYHA class]] | #*[[NYHA class]] | ||
#*Weight | #*[[Weight]] | ||
#*Heart rate | #*[[Heart rate]] | ||
#*[[Mean arterial pressure]] | #*[[Mean arterial pressure]] | ||
#*[[S3|S3 gallop]] | #*[[S3|S3 gallop]] | ||
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#*Serum [[sodium]] | #*Serum [[sodium]] | ||
#*[[Troponin T]] | #*[[Troponin T]] | ||
#*History of diabetes | #*History of [[Diabetes mellitus|diabetes]] | ||
#*[[Anemia]] | #*[[Anemia]] | ||
#Echocardiographic | #Echocardiographic | ||
#*Ejection fraction | #*[[Ejection fraction]] | ||
#*Exercise ejection fraction | #*Exercise [[ejection fraction]] | ||
#*Ventricular dimensions | #*[[Ventricular]] dimensions | ||
#*Sphericity index | #*Sphericity index | ||
#*Prolonged isovolumic relaxation | #*Prolonged isovolumic relaxation | ||
#*Restrictive mitral filling | #*Restrictive [[mitral]] filling | ||
#*Changes in E/A ratio | #*Changes in [[E/A ratio]] | ||
#*[[Mitral regurgitation]] | #*[[Mitral regurgitation]] | ||
#*Contractile reserve | #*Contractile reserve | ||
#*Left ventricular mass | #*Left [[ventricular]] mass | ||
#Exercise Tolerance | #Exercise Tolerance | ||
#*Exercise duration | #*Exercise duration | ||
#*Peak O2 consumption | #*Peak O2 consumption | ||
#*VE/VCO2 | #*VE/VCO2 | ||
#*Anaerobic threshold 6-minute walk test | #*[[Anaerobic respiration|Anaerobic]] threshold 6-minute walk test | ||
#Hemodynamics | #Hemodynamics | ||
#*[[Cardiac index]] | #*[[Cardiac index]] | ||
#*Pulmonary artery pressure | #*Pulmonary artery pressure | ||
#*Pulmonary artery wedge pressure | #*[[Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure|Pulmonary artery wedge pressure]] | ||
#*[[Pulmonary vascular resistance]] | #*[[Pulmonary vascular resistance]] | ||
#*Stroke work index | #*Stroke work index | ||
#*Right atrial pressure | #*Right atrial pressure | ||
#*A-V oxygen difference | #*A-V oxygen difference | ||
#*Coronary sinus O<sub>2</sub> content | #*[[Coronary sinus]] O<sub>2</sub> content | ||
#Electrophysiological | #Electrophysiological | ||
#*Conduction delay | #*Conduction delay | ||
#*Atrial arrhythmia | #*[[Atrial arrhythmias|Atrial arrhythmia]] | ||
#*Family history of sudden death | #*Family history of sudden death | ||
#*Presence of late potentials | #*Presence of late potentials | ||
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#*[[Angiotensin II]] | #*[[Angiotensin II]] | ||
#*[[Aldosterone]] | #*[[Aldosterone]] | ||
#*Plasma renin activity | #*[[Plasma renin activity]] | ||
#*Sympathetic nervous system | #*[[Sympathetic nervous system]] | ||
#*:*[[Norepinephrine]] | #*:*[[Norepinephrine]] | ||
#*:*[[Epinephrine]] | #*:*[[Epinephrine]] | ||
#*:*Heart rate variability | #*:*Heart rate variability | ||
#*:*Norepinephrine spillover | #*:*[[Norepinephrine]] spillover | ||
#Natriuretic factors | #Natriuretic factors | ||
#*[[Atrial natriuretic peptide]] | #*[[Atrial natriuretic peptide]] ([[Atrial natriuretic peptide|ANP]]) | ||
#*B-type natriuretic peptide | #*[[B-type natriuretic peptide]] | ||
#*N-terminal-pro-ANP | #*N-terminal-pro-[[Atrial natriuretic peptide|ANP]] | ||
#[[Cytokines]] and others | #[[Cytokines]] and others | ||
#*[[TNF-alpha]] | #*[[TNF-alpha]] | ||
Revision as of 14:19, 27 January 2020
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Resident Survival Guide |
| Congestive Heart Failure Microchapters |
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Pathophysiology |
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Differentiating Congestive heart failure from other Diseases |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Medical Therapy: |
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Surgical Therapy: |
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ACC/AHA Guideline Recommendations
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Specific Groups: |
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Congestive heart failure risk factors On the Web |
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Directions to Hospitals Treating Congestive heart failure risk factors |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Congestive heart failure risk factors |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]; Saleh El Dassouki, M.D. [3]; Atif Mohammad, M.D.
Overview
Several risk factors may predispose to heart failure. These risk factors can be demographic, genetic, associated with lifestyle or medications.
Risk Factors
- Demographic factors
- Age (increased)
- Low socioeconomic status
- Lifestyle-related factors
- Tobacco and coffee consumption
- Alcohol consumption
- Dietary sodium intake
- Recreational drug use: Cocaine, methamphetamines.
- Comorbidities
- Echocardiographic factors
- Ventricular dimension
- Ventricular mass
- Diastolic filling impairment
- Pharmacological factors
- Chemotherapeutic agents
- Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
- Thiazolidinediones
- Doxazosin
- Biochemical
- Albuminuria
- Homocysteine: Elevated plasma homocysteine levels are associated with almost a 75% increase in risk for heart failure development.
- Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha): After adjustment for other risk factors, every tertile increment in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) levels was associated with a 60% increase in risk of heart failure. TNF-alpha has several negative pleiotropic effects and also negative inotropic properties that may be responsible for excessive heart failure risk. TNF-alpha is also associated with progression of heart failure.
- Interleukin-6: IL-6 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine which associated with an excessive risk of development of heart failure.
- C-reactive protein
- Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I)
- Natriuretic peptides
- Genetic risk factors
Risk Factors Associated with Heart Failure Progression and Outcomes
- Clinical
- Etiology
- Age
- Gender
- Symptom duration
- NYHA class
- Weight
- Heart rate
- Mean arterial pressure
- S3 gallop
- Jugular venous pressure
- Cardiothoracic ratio
- Renal function
- Serum sodium
- Troponin T
- History of diabetes
- Anemia
- Echocardiographic
- Ejection fraction
- Exercise ejection fraction
- Ventricular dimensions
- Sphericity index
- Prolonged isovolumic relaxation
- Restrictive mitral filling
- Changes in E/A ratio
- Mitral regurgitation
- Contractile reserve
- Left ventricular mass
- Exercise Tolerance
- Exercise duration
- Peak O2 consumption
- VE/VCO2
- Anaerobic threshold 6-minute walk test
- Hemodynamics
- Cardiac index
- Pulmonary artery pressure
- Pulmonary artery wedge pressure
- Pulmonary vascular resistance
- Stroke work index
- Right atrial pressure
- A-V oxygen difference
- Coronary sinus O2 content
- Electrophysiological
- Conduction delay
- Atrial arrhythmia
- Family history of sudden death
- Presence of late potentials
- QT dispersion
- T wave alternans
- Neurohormonal
- Renin-angiotensin system
- Angiotensin II
- Aldosterone
- Plasma renin activity
- Sympathetic nervous system
- Norepinephrine
- Epinephrine
- Heart rate variability
- Norepinephrine spillover
- Natriuretic factors
- Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
- B-type natriuretic peptide
- N-terminal-pro-ANP
- Cytokines and others