Ebola history and symptoms: Difference between revisions
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==Less Common Symptoms== | ==Less Common Symptoms== | ||
Revision as of 03:14, 15 July 2014
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Ebola Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Ebola history and symptoms On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Ebola history and symptoms |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Ebola history and symptoms |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Michael Maddaleni, B.S.; Guillermo Rodriguez Nava, M.D. [2]
Overview
Ebola causes a variety of symptoms which may include fever, chills vomiting, diarrhea, generalized pain or malaise, and sometimes internal and external bleeding, that follow an incubation period of 2-21 days. These symptoms are common to all species of Ebola virus, but the different species may present with differences in the severity of symptoms.
Case definition recommendations
- The standard case definition recommended by the WHO-AFRO for the notification of Ebola or Marburg cases:[1]
- Suspected Ebola or Marburg cases for routine surveillance: disease that presents with onset of fever, no response to empiric therapy of fever for that region, and at least one of the following signs: bloody diarrhea, bleeding gums, subcutaneous bleeding (purpura), conjunctival hemorrhage and hematuria.
- Confirmed Ebola or Marburg cases for routine surveillance: a suspected case with laboratory confirmation (positive IgM antibody, positive PCR or viral isolation)
History
- In an outbreak situation, several cases occur around the same time. They may be grouped together, and there may be person-to-person transmission. An initial diagnosis of a viral hemorrhagic fever (VHF) can be made based on the signs and symptoms of the specific [[VHF]
- Suspecting a VHF during a non-outbreak situation, in a single case is more difficult. The early symptoms of a VHF include high fever and headache. These are also symptoms of many infections seen at the health facility
- Most patients who present with fever do not have a VHF. Their fever is more often caused by malaria, typhoid fever, dysentery,severe bacterial infection or other fever-producing illness usually seen in the area
- When a patient presents with fever, exclude other causes of fever. For example, do a malaria smear or take a stool culture as soon as possible
- Treat the most likely cause of the fever according to the appropriate treatment guidelines
- If the fever continues after 3 days of recommended treatment, and if the patient shows evidence of bleeding or shock, consider a VHF
- Review the patient’s history for any contact with someone who was ill, with fever and bleeding or who died from an unexplained illness with these symptoms.
- If no other cause is found for the patient’s signs and symptoms, suspect a VHF. Begin VHF Isolation Precautions.[2]
Common Symptoms
- Symptoms are varied and often appear suddenly.
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Less Common Symptoms
References
- ↑ "Case definition recommendations for Ebola or Marburg Virus Diseases" (PDF).
- ↑ "Infection Control for Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers in the African Health Care Setting" (PDF). line feed character in
|title=at position 75 (help) - ↑ Ndambi R, Akamituna P, Bonnet MJ, Tukadila AM, Muyembe-Tamfum JJ, Colebunders R (1999). "Epidemiologic and clinical aspects of the Ebola virus epidemic in Mosango, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 1995". J Infect Dis. 179 Suppl 1: S8–10. doi:10.1086/514297. PMID 9988156.
- ↑ Bwaka MA, Bonnet MJ, Calain P, Colebunders R, De Roo A, Guimard Y; et al. (1999). "Ebola hemorrhagic fever in Kikwit, Democratic Republic of the Congo: clinical observations in 103 patients". J Infect Dis. 179 Suppl 1: S1–7. doi:10.1086/514308. PMID 9988155.
- ↑ Feldmann H, Geisbert TW (2011). "Ebola haemorrhagic fever". Lancet. 377 (9768): 849–62. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60667-8. PMC 3406178. PMID 21084112.