Ebola history and symptoms: Difference between revisions
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==History== | ==History== | ||
* | * The early [[symptoms]] of a [[VHF]] such as Ebola include high [[fever]] and [[headache]]. These are also [[symptoms]] of many [[infections]] seen at the health facility | ||
* Most patients who present with [[fever]] '''do not have a [[VHF]]'''. Their [[fever]] is more often caused by [[malaria]], [[typhoid fever]], [[dysentery]],severe [[bacterial]] [[infection]] or other [[fever]]-producing illness usually seen in the area | |||
* Most patients who present with [[fever]] do not have a [[VHF]]. Their [[fever]] is more often caused by [[malaria]], [[typhoid fever]], [[dysentery]],severe [[bacterial]] [[infection]] or other [[fever]]-producing illness usually seen in the area | |||
* When a patient presents with [[fever]], exclude other causes of [[fever]]. For example, do a [[malaria]] smear or take a [[stool culture]] as soon as possible | * When a patient presents with [[fever]], exclude other causes of [[fever]]. For example, do a [[malaria]] smear or take a [[stool culture]] as soon as possible | ||
** Treat the most likely cause of the [[fever]] according to the appropriate treatment guidelines | ** Treat the most likely cause of the [[fever]] according to the appropriate treatment guidelines | ||
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** If no other cause is found for the patient’s [[signs]] and [[symptoms]], suspect a [[VHF]]. Begin [[VHF]] Isolation Precautions.<ref name=WHOAF>{{cite web | title = Infection Control for Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers in the African Health Care | ** If no other cause is found for the patient’s [[signs]] and [[symptoms]], suspect a [[VHF]]. Begin [[VHF]] Isolation Precautions.<ref name=WHOAF>{{cite web | title = Infection Control for Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers in the African Health Care | ||
Setting | url = http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/ebola/whoemcesr982sec1-4.pdf }}</ref> | Setting | url = http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/ebola/whoemcesr982sec1-4.pdf }}</ref> | ||
* Fewer than 50 percent of patients will not develop any [[hemorrhage]]. | |||
* A history of contact with another infected individual should be elicited particularly in the setting of an outbreak. | |||
==Common Symptoms== | ==Common Symptoms== | ||
Revision as of 16:08, 15 July 2014
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Michael Maddaleni, B.S.; Guillermo Rodriguez Nava, M.D. [2]
Overview
Ebola causes a variety of symptoms which may include fever, chills vomiting, diarrhea, generalized pain or malaise, and sometimes internal and external bleeding, that follow an incubation period of 2-21 days. These symptoms are common to all species of Ebola virus, but the different species may present with differences in the severity of symptoms.
History
- The early symptoms of a VHF such as Ebola include high fever and headache. These are also symptoms of many infections seen at the health facility
- Most patients who present with fever do not have a VHF. Their fever is more often caused by malaria, typhoid fever, dysentery,severe bacterial infection or other fever-producing illness usually seen in the area
- When a patient presents with fever, exclude other causes of fever. For example, do a malaria smear or take a stool culture as soon as possible
- Treat the most likely cause of the fever according to the appropriate treatment guidelines
- If the fever continues after 3 days of recommended treatment, and if the patient shows evidence of bleeding or shock, consider a VHF
- Review the patient’s history for any contact with someone who was ill, with fever and bleeding or who died from an unexplained illness with these symptoms.
- If no other cause is found for the patient’s signs and symptoms, suspect a VHF. Begin VHF Isolation Precautions.[1]
- Fewer than 50 percent of patients will not develop any hemorrhage.
- A history of contact with another infected individual should be elicited particularly in the setting of an outbreak.
Common Symptoms
- Symptoms are varied and often appear suddenly.
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Less Common Symptoms
- Severe bleeding (urine and/or gastrointestinal tract)
References
- ↑ "Infection Control for Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers in the African Health Care Setting" (PDF). line feed character in
|title=at position 75 (help) - ↑ Ndambi R, Akamituna P, Bonnet MJ, Tukadila AM, Muyembe-Tamfum JJ, Colebunders R (1999). "Epidemiologic and clinical aspects of the Ebola virus epidemic in Mosango, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 1995". J Infect Dis. 179 Suppl 1: S8–10. doi:10.1086/514297. PMID 9988156.
- ↑ Bwaka MA, Bonnet MJ, Calain P, Colebunders R, De Roo A, Guimard Y; et al. (1999). "Ebola hemorrhagic fever in Kikwit, Democratic Republic of the Congo: clinical observations in 103 patients". J Infect Dis. 179 Suppl 1: S1–7. doi:10.1086/514308. PMID 9988155.
- ↑ Feldmann H, Geisbert TW (2011). "Ebola haemorrhagic fever". Lancet. 377 (9768): 849–62. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60667-8. PMC 3406178. PMID 21084112.